{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T04:57:38Z","timestamp":1768193858827,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP2023R221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R221"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adansonia digitata L. is an African tree commonly called baobab. This tree is effectively used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular disorders. Hyperlipidemia is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor associated with the increased incidence of mortality worldwide. This study aimed to demonstrate the mechanism of baobab polyphenols in the activities of hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and pancreatic lipase as lipid metabolic enzymes. Molecular docking and an incentive for drug design showed that all the polyphenols in baobab bound to the proteins with higher affinity and a lower binding energy compared with simvastatin as the positive control (\u0394G: from \u22125.5 kcal\/mol to \u22126.5 kcal\/mol). The same polyphenols exhibited a considerable binding affinity to pancreatic lipase (\u0394G: from \u22127.5 kcal\/mol to \u22129.8 kcal\/mol) in comparison with the control and HMG-CoA reductase. Quercetin showed the best docking score from the selected Baobab polyphenols (\u0394G = \u22129.8 kcal\/mol). The root mean square deviation (RMSD) results indicated that stable epicatechin and quercetin complexes were demonstrated with HMG-CoA reductase, and other less stable complexes were developed using rutin and chlorogenic acid. Moreover, the analysis of the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) simulation results was consistent with that of the RMSD. The RMSF value for all the baobab polyphenols, including the crystal control ligand, was kept between 0.80 and 8.00 \u00c5, similarly to simvastatin, and less than 4.8 \u00c5 for pancreatic lipase. Chlorogenic acid, quercetin, epicatechin, and rutin had negative \u0394G binding scores from highest to lowest. The same ligands displayed more negative \u0394G binding scores than those observed in HMG-CoA reductase and crystal control ligand (methoxyundecyl phosphinic acid) in their simulation with pancreatic lipase. In conclusion, baobab polyphenols interact with HMG-CoA reductase and pancreatic lipase to inhibit their substrate binding and block their activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28166112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T10:47:02Z","timestamp":1692269222000},"page":"6112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Potential Effect of Baobab\u2019s Polyphenols as Antihyperlipidemic Agents: In Silico Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alaa Alnoor","family":"Alameen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monerah R.","family":"Alothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona S.","family":"Al Wahibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ejlal Mohamed","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehab","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohnad","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sndos Z. A.","family":"Fattiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha","family":"Elsayim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.003","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"40","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prim. 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