{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:58:40Z","timestamp":1791644320536,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fruits and vegetables are used not only for nutritional purposes but also as therapeutics to treat various diseases and ailments. These food items are prominent sources of phytochemicals that exhibit chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against several diseases. Hirsutine (HSN) is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid found in various Uncaria species and has a multitude of therapeutic benefits. It is found in foodstuffs such as fish, seafood, meat, poultry, dairy, and some grain products among other things. In addition, it is present in fruits and vegetables including corn, cauliflower, mushrooms, potatoes, bamboo shoots, bananas, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits. The primary emphasis of this study is to summarize the pharmacological activities and the underlying mechanisms of HSN against different diseases, as well as the biopharmaceutical features. For this, data were collected (up to date as of 1 July 2023) from various reliable and authentic literature by searching different academic search engines, including PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Findings indicated that HSN exerts several effects in various preclinical and pharmacological experimental systems. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant activities with beneficial effects in neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Our findings also indicate that HSN exerts promising anticancer potentials via several molecular mechanisms, including apoptotic cell death, induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxic effect, anti-proliferative effect, genotoxic effect, and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion against various cancers such as lung, breast, and antitumor effects in human T-cell leukemia. Taken all together, findings from this study show that HSN can be a promising therapeutic agent to treat various diseases including cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28166141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T01:46:56Z","timestamp":1692582416000},"page":"6141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Hirsutine, an Emerging Natural Product with Promising Therapeutic Benefits: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6179-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Shimul","family":"Bhuia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2730-7788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polrat","family":"Wilairatana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8478-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannatul","family":"Ferdous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0672-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raihan","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehedi Hasan","family":"Bappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6382-5867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Anisur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9782-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Mubarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0034-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Torequl","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1039\/b602241n","article-title":"The value of natural products to future pharmaceutical discovery","volume":"24","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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