{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:21:41Z","timestamp":1789078901284,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Plan","award":["202010528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202010528"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Plan","award":["2018YFC1706500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1706500"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Plan","award":["KYCX21_1758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21_1758"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["202010528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202010528"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFC1706500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1706500"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["KYCX21_1758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21_1758"]}]},{"name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Key Discipline Construction Project (Key discipline of Epidemic and Febrile Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine)","award":["202010528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202010528"]}]},{"name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Key Discipline Construction Project (Key discipline of Epidemic and Febrile Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine)","award":["2018YFC1706500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1706500"]}]},{"name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Key Discipline Construction Project (Key discipline of Epidemic and Febrile Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine)","award":["KYCX21_1758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21_1758"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Programs","award":["202010528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202010528"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Programs","award":["2018YFC1706500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1706500"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Programs","award":["KYCX21_1758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21_1758"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the largest concerns with world health today is still antibiotic resistance, which is making it imperative to find efficient alternatives as soon as possible. It has been demonstrated that microbes are reliable sources for the creation of therapeutic antibiotics. This research intends to investigate the endophytic microorganisms from several medicinal plants in Fenghuang Mountain (Jiangsu Province, China) and to discover new antibiotics from their secondary metabolites. A total of 269 endophytic strains were isolated from nine distinct medicinal plants. Taxonomic analysis revealed that there were 20 distinct species among these endophytes, with Streptomyces being the most common genus. Three of the target strains were chosen for scale-up fermentation after preliminary screening of antibacterial activities and the metabolomics investigation using LC-MS. These strains were Penicillium sp. NX-S-6, Streptomyces sp. YHLB-L-2 and Streptomyces sp. ZLBB-S-6. Twenty-three secondary metabolites (1\u201323), including a new sorbicillin analogue (1), were produced as a result of antibacterial activity-guided isolation. Through spectroscopic analysis using MS and NMR, the structures of yield compounds were clarified. According to antibacterial data, S. aureus or B. subtilis were inhibited to varying degrees by sorrentanone (3), emodic acid (8), GKK1032 B (10), linoleic acid (14), toyocamycin (17) and quinomycin A (21). The most effective antimicrobial agent against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and A. baumannii was quinomycin A (21). In addition, quinomycin A showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and two clinical isolated strains Aspergillus fumigatus #176 and #339, with MIC as 16, 4, 16 and 16 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. This is the first time that bioprospecting of actinobacteria and their secondary metabolites from medicinal plants in Fenghuang Mountain was reported. The finding demonstrates the potential of endophytic microbes in medical plants to produce a variety of natural products. Endophytic microbes will be an important source for new antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28176301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T08:59:05Z","timestamp":1693299545000},"page":"6301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Endophytic Microbes from Medicinal Plants in Fenghuang Mountain as a Source of Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Aiping","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Level 3 Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Epidemic and Febrile Diseases) of National TCM Administrator, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1106-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiachang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00820-y","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited","volume":"21","author":"Darby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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