{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:39:28Z","timestamp":1788381568018,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovak grant agencies","award":["VEGA 1\/0126\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0126\/23"]}]},{"name":"Slovak grant agencies","award":["KEGA 008UPJ\u0160-4\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KEGA 008UPJ\u0160-4\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Slovak grant agencies","award":["VVGS-2023-2560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VVGS-2023-2560"]}]},{"name":"P.J. \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice","award":["VEGA 1\/0126\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0126\/23"]}]},{"name":"P.J. \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice","award":["KEGA 008UPJ\u0160-4\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KEGA 008UPJ\u0160-4\/2023"]}]},{"name":"P.J. \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice","award":["VVGS-2023-2560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VVGS-2023-2560"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Derivatives combining acridine, pyrrole, and thiazolidine rings have emerged as promising candidates in the field of antitumor drug discovery. This paper aims to highlight the importance of these three structural motifs in developing potent and selective anticancer agents. The integration of these rings within a single molecule offers the potential for synergistic effects, targeting multiple pathways involved in tumor growth and progression. Spiro derivatives were efficiently synthesized in a two-step process starting from isothiocyanates and 2-cyanoacetohydrazide. The thiourea side chain in spiro derivatives was utilized as a key component for the construction of the thiazolidine-4-one ring through regioselective reactions with bifunctional reagents, namely methyl-bromoacetate, dietyl-acetylenedicarboxylate, ethyl-2-bromopropionate, and ethyl-2-bromovalerate. These reactions resulted in the formation of a single regioisomeric product for each derivative. Advanced spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, FT-IR, HRMS, and single-crystal analysis, were employed to meticulously characterize the chemical structures of the synthesized derivatives. Furthermore, the influence of these derivatives on the metabolic activity of various cancer cell lines was assessed, with IC50 values determined via MTT assays. Notably, derivatives containing ester functional groups exhibited exceptional activity against all tested cancer cell lines, boasting IC50 values below 10 \u03bcM. Particularly striking were the spiro derivatives with methoxy groups at position 3 and nitro groups at position 4 of the phenyl ring. These compounds displayed remarkable selectivity and exhibited heightened activity against HCT-116 and Jurkat cell lines. Additionally, 4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene derivatives demonstrated a significant activity against MCF-7 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28186616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T04:06:13Z","timestamp":1694750773000},"page":"6616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Derivatives Incorporating Acridine, Pyrrole, and Thiazolidine Rings as Promising Antitumor Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Garberov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6923-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Poto\u010d\u0148\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Tvrdo\u0148ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Majirsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bago-Pil\u00e1tov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sl\u00e1vka","family":"Beke\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thermo Fisher Scientific, Mlynsk\u00e9 Nivy 5, 821 09 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3223-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrej","family":"Kov\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Tak\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krutika","family":"Khiratkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5310-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Kudli\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"Ele\u010dko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2833-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Vilkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30587-y","article-title":"The Interactions of Monomeric Acridines and Unsymmetrical Bisacridines (UAs) with DNA Duplexes: An Insight Provided by NMR and MD Studies","volume":"13","author":"Laskowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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