{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:59:56Z","timestamp":1788296396532,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zinc oxide nanoparticles have high levels of biocompatibility, a low impact on environmental contamination, and suitable to be used as an ingredient for environmentally friendly skincare products. In this study, biogenically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Dendrobium anosum are used as a reducing and capping agent for topical anti-acne nanogels, and the antimicrobial effect of the nanogel is assessed on Cutibacterium acne and Staphylococcus aureus. Dendrobium anosmum leaf extract was examined for the presence of secondary metabolites and its total amount of phenolic and flavonoid content was determined. Both the biogenically and chemogenic-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were compared using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FE-SEM, XRD, and FTIR. To produce the topical nanogel, the biogenic and chemogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with a carbomer and hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose (HPMC) polymer. The mixtures were then tested for physical and chemical characteristics. To assess their anti-acne effectiveness, the mixtures were tested against C. acne and S. aureus. The biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles have particle sizes of 20 nm and a high-phase purity. In comparison to chemogenic nanoparticles, the hydrogels with biogenically synthesized nanoparticles was more effective against Gram-positive bacteria. Through this study, the hybrid nanogels was proven to be effective against the microbes that cause acne and to be potentially used as a green product against skin infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28196749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T03:44:42Z","timestamp":1695354282000},"page":"6749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Development and Evaluation of Topical Zinc Oxide Nanogels Formulation Using Dendrobium anosmum and Its Effect on Acne Vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4484-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Yang","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5869-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling Shing","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71899, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kar Lin","family":"Nyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitiyaporn","family":"Wittayanarakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Science Technology and Business Enterprise, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurliyana Ahmad","family":"Zawawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3994-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavitha","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM College of Pharmacy, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinovassane","family":"Djearamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7136-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony","family":"Dhanapal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-022-00770-8","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis of some selected traditional medicinal plants in Ethiopia","volume":"46","author":"Agidew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. 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