{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:39:14Z","timestamp":1789684754670,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation, FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/03768-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/03768-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["2023\/03768-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/03768-9"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accumulated dental biofilm can be a source of oral bacteria that are aspirated into the lower respiratory tract causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic antibiofilm action of the produced and phytochemically characterized extracts of Cinnamomum verum and Brazilian green propolis (BGP) hydroethanolic extracts against multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in addition to their biocompatibility on human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT). For this, High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the plant extracts was performed; then the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts were determined; and antibiofilm activity was evaluated with MTT assay to prevent biofilm formation and to reduce the mature biofilms. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was verified using the MTT colorimetric test, evaluating the cellular enzymatic activity. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey\u2019s tests as well as Kruskal\u2013Wallis and Dunn\u2019s tests, considering a significance level of 5%. It was possible to identify the cinnamic aldehyde in C. verum and p-coumaric, caffeic, and caffeoylquinic acids as well as flavonoids such as kaempferol and kaempferide and Artepillin-C in BGP. The combined extracts were effective in preventing biofilm formation and reducing the mature biofilms of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Moreover, both extracts were biocompatible in different concentrations. Therefore, C. verum and BGP hydroethanolic extracts have bactericidal and antibiofilm action against multidrug resistant strains of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. In addition, the combined extracts were capable of expressively inhibiting the formation of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa biofilms (prophylactic effect) acting similarly to 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28196904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:39:30Z","timestamp":1696221570000},"page":"6904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Synergistic Antibiofilm Action of Cinnamomum verum and Brazilian Green Propolis Hydroethanolic Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Their Biocompatibility on Human Keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3297-2288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Marques","family":"Meccatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7995-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karoline Moura Chagas","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2682-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas de Paula","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7206-3348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tha\u00eds Cristine","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4250-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Teles","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8065-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Marcucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1112-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad","family":"Abu Hasna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9956-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciane Dias","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S290835","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship: Fighting antimicrobial resistance and protecting global public health","volume":"13","author":"Majumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. 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