{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:24:10Z","timestamp":1789079050339,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China","award":["202103000089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202103000089"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China","award":["2020B1515020026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515020026"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Demonstration Base for Joint Cultivation of Postgraduates","award":["202103000089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202103000089"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Demonstration Base for Joint Cultivation of Postgraduates","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Demonstration Base for Joint Cultivation of Postgraduates","award":["2020B1515020026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515020026"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong, China","award":["202103000089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202103000089"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong, China","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}]},{"name":"Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong, China","award":["2020B1515020026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515020026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD has continued to increase globally, and NAFLD has become a worldwide public health problem. Glucosamine (GLC) is an amino monosaccharide derivative of glucose. GLC has been proven to not only be effective in anti-inflammation applications, but also to modulate the gut microbiota effectively. Therefore, in this study, the therapeutic effect of GLC in the NAFLD context and the mechanisms underlying these effects were explored. Specifically, an NAFLD model was established by feeding mice a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHSD), and the HFHSD-fed NAFLD mice were treated with GLC. First, we investigated the effect of treating NAFLD mice with GLC by analyzing serum- and liver-related indicator levels. We found that GLC attenuated insulin resistance and inflammation, increased antioxidant function, and attenuated serum and liver lipid metabolism in the mice. Then, we investigated the mechanism underlying liver lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function in these mice. We found that GLC can improve liver lipid metabolism and relieve insulin resistance and oxidative stress levels. In addition, GLC treatment increased intestinal barrier function, reduced LPS translocation, and reduced liver inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the LPS\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway, thereby effectively ameliorating liver lesions in NAFLD mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28196918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T09:43:01Z","timestamp":1696326181000},"page":"6918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Glucosamine Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat and High-Sugar Diet through Regulating Intestinal Barrier Function, Liver Inflammation, and Lipid Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qishi","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6324-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengquan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000153","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"42","author":"Duell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arterioscler. 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