{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T12:39:35Z","timestamp":1770467975429,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21605125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21605125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21605125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21605125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipid droplets (LDs) targeting probes are important for investigating the biological functions of LDs. The interplay between LDs and some other organelles can help to further understand the biological functions of these organelles. However, it is still a challenge to design functional probes that can specifically target LDs and are responsive to some other organelles. Herein, a multifunctional aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), namely the TPA-CN, was prepared by the simple aldimine condensation reaction for lipid droplet-specific imaging and tracing. TPA-CN can be sensitively responsive to the acid environment of lysosomes due to the pH-response detachable connector in TPA-CN. With the assistance of this characteristic, it can be concluded from the fluorescence imaging and co-localization analysis results that the internalization of TPA-CN and the targeting of LDs does not involve the lysosome and the lysosomal escape process. At last, the TPA-CN was successfully used for the high-sensitivity imaging of dynamic information of LDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T08:18:57Z","timestamp":1697012337000},"page":"7029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Multifunctional Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen with pH-Response Detachable Connector for Lipid Droplet-Specific Imaging and Tracing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University Hospital, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance, Chongqing 401121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8889-711X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Hua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance, Chongqing 401121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201100671","article-title":"Balancing the Fat: Lipid Droplets and Human Disease","volume":"5","author":"Krahmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11718","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00263","article-title":"Aggregation-Induced Emission: Together We Shine, United We Soar!","volume":"115","author":"Mei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.7","article-title":"Aggregation-Enhanced Theranostics: AIE Sparkles in Biomedical Field","volume":"1","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115743","article-title":"AIE-Based Energy Transfer Systems for Biosensing, Imaging, and Therapeutics","volume":"122","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"TrAC-Trend. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115769","article-title":"AIE Luminogens as Fluorescent Bioprobes","volume":"123","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"TrAC-Trend. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.10","article-title":"Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Theranostic Systems with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics","volume":"2","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9862093","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/9862093","article-title":"Visualizing Material Processing Via Photoexcitation-Controlled Organic-Phase Aggregation-Induced Emission","volume":"2021","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1039\/C9QM00089E","article-title":"A Multifunctional AIEgen with High Cell-Penetrating Ability for Intracellular Fluorescence Assays, Imaging and Drug Delivery","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9784053","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/9784053","article-title":"Revealing the Distribution of Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles Via Dual-Modality Imaging with Fluorescence and Mass Spectrometry","volume":"2021","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e160","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.160","article-title":"Esipt-Based AIE Luminogens: Design Strategies, Applications, and Mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202209590","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202209590","article-title":"Facile Access to Far-Red Fluorescent Probes with through-Space Charge Transfer Effect for in Vivo Two-Photon Microscopy of Mouse Cerebrovascular System","volume":"61","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0194","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0194","article-title":"Precise Planar-Twisted Molecular Engineering to Construct Semiconducting Polymers with Balanced Absorption and Quantum Yield for Efficient Phototheranostics","volume":"6","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2022.110332","article-title":"Recent Advance of Lipid Droplets Fluorescence Imaging with Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens (AIEgens)","volume":"203","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dyes Pigment."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8969","DOI":"10.1039\/C8SC03369B","article-title":"Novel Easily Available Purine-Based AIEgens with Colour Tunability and Applications in Lipid Droplet Imaging","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.1c00570","article-title":"Deep-Red Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen Based on Dithiofuvalene-Fused Benzothiadiazole for Lipid Droplet-Specific Imaging","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13432","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c02260","article-title":"Rational Design of Novel Lipophilic Aggregation-Induced Emission Probes for Revealing the Dynamics of Lipid Droplets During Lipophagy and Ferroptosis","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2022.110518","article-title":"Nitrobenzoxadiazole Based Lipid Droplets Specific Probes for Atherosclerosis Imaging","volume":"205","author":"Zhuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dyes Pigment."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5957","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CC01797E","article-title":"A Near-Infrared AIEgen for Specific Imaging of Lipid Droplets","volume":"52","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6974","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB01145J","article-title":"An Ultrasensitive Lipid Droplet-Targeted NIR Emission Fluorescent Probe for Polarity Detection and Its Application in Liver Disease Diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SC04842K","article-title":"Photoactivatable Aggregation-Induced Emission Probes for Lipid Droplets-Specific Live Cell Imaging","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1039\/D0QM00877J","article-title":"Diagnosis of Fatty Liver Disease by a Multiphoton-Active and Lipid-Droplet-Specific AIEgen with Nonaromatic Rotors","volume":"5","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.2c03684","article-title":"Solvatochromic near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Acrylonitriles by Acceptor Modulation for Low-Power Stimulated Emission Depletion Nanoscopy","volume":"35","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4778","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.8b01943","article-title":"Specific Two-Photon Imaging of Live Cellular and Deep-Tissue Lipid Droplets by Lipophilic AIEgens at Ultralow Concentration","volume":"30","author":"Niu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.2c00551","article-title":"Lipid Droplet-Specific Red Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens: Fast Light-up of Gram-Positive Pathogens for Identification of Bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14973","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05976","article-title":"Fluorescent Imaging and Sorting of High-Lipid-Content Strains of Green Algae by Using an Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo2510","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo2510","article-title":"Lipid Droplet Turnover at the Lysosome Inhibits Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Bnip3-Dependent Manner","volume":"8","author":"Berardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Niu, G., Liu, Z., Chau, J.H.C., Su, H., Lee, M.M.S., Gu, Y., Kwok, R.T.K., Lam, J.W.Y., and Tang, B.Z. (2020). Single AIEgen for Multiple Tasks: Imaging of Dual Organelles and Evaluation of Cell Viability. Biomaterials, 242.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119924"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c12323","article-title":"Simultaneous Two-Color Visualization of Lipid Droplets and Endoplasmic Reticulum and Their Interplay by Single Fluorescent Probes in Lambda Mode","volume":"143","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.03.002","article-title":"Intriguing \u201cChameleon\u201d Fluorescent Bioprobes for the Visualization of Lipid Droplet-Lysosome Interplay","volume":"203","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3565","article-title":"Signals from the Lysosome: A Control Centre for Cellular Clearance and Energy Metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Settembre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1738","article-title":"Lysosomes and Autophagy in Cell Death Control","volume":"5","author":"Kroemer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5995","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SC00221H","article-title":"Selective Imaging and Cancer Cell Death Via Ph Switchable Near-Infrared Fluorescence and Photothermal Effects","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03225-9","article-title":"Chloroquine Modulates Antitumor Immune Response by Resetting Tumor-Associated Macrophages toward M1 Phenotype","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB02181D","article-title":"A Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe Based on a Hemicyanine Dye with an Oxazolidine Switch for Mitochondrial pH Detection","volume":"9","author":"Mazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630046","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2021.630046","article-title":"Switchable Coumarins for Ratiometric pH Sensing","volume":"8","author":"Mazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1301","article-title":"pH-Switched Near-Infrared Fluorescent Strategy for Ratiometric Detection of Onoo\u2013 in Lysosomes and Precise Imaging of Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2023.111629","article-title":"A New Near-Infrared Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Using Conjugated Dicyanoisophorone and Quinoline with Double Vinylene Linkers for Sensing of pH and Its Application","volume":"219","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dyes Pigment."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15845","DOI":"10.1021\/jp902962h","article-title":"Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Aggregation-Induced Emission of Bodipy Derivatives","volume":"113","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c05268","article-title":"Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for Reflecting the Packing Degree of Bacterial Membrane Lipids","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/20\/7029\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:04:56Z","timestamp":1760130296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/20\/7029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28207029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28207029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]}}}