{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:14:15Z","timestamp":1785464055015,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in women with a mortality rate of 6.6%. Adverse effects of synthetic drugs have directed research toward safer alternatives such as natural compounds. This study focused on Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn, an evergreen tree abundantly distributed in Tamil Nadu (India) for its possible application against breast cancer cells. P. dicoccos leaf methanol extract, found within a wide range of phytochemicals, demonstrated cytotoxic effects against MCF7 breast cancer cells at IC50 of 34 \u03bcg\/mL. The extract exhibited good antioxidant activities against DPPH\u2022 (62%) and ABTS\u2022+ (80%), as well as concentration-dependent (100\u2013800 \u03bcg\/mL) anti-inflammatory potential of 18\u201360% compared to standards, ascorbic acid or aspirin, respectively. Moreover, even low extract concentrations (10 \u03bcg\/mL) inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (1.9 \u00b1 0.6 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.3 \u00b1 0.7 mm), thus showing high antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential. GC-MS and LC-MS analyses identified 31 and 16 components, respectively, of which selected compounds were used to evaluate the interaction between key receptors (AKT-1, COX-2, and HER-2) of breast cancer based on binding energy (\u0394G) and inhibition constant (Ki). The results indicate that bioactive compounds from P. dicoccos have potential against breast cancer cells, but further evaluations are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T10:47:32Z","timestamp":1697366852000},"page":"7101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Psydrax dicoccos Gaertn"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kamaraj","family":"Veeramuthu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620023, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8982-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India"},{"name":"University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6215-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pushparaj","family":"Annadurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.P.R. Environmental Education Center, 1 Eldams Road, Alwarpet, Chennai 600018, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2470-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Gideon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, St. Joseph College, Bangalore 560025, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balamurugan","family":"Sundarrajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620023, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0880-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius Emil","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinothkanna","family":"Annadurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4254-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kandavel","family":"Dhandayuthapani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Government Arts College for Men, Nandanam, University of Madras, Chennai 600035, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. 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