{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:34:39Z","timestamp":1790508879024,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["JBGS2021004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JBGS2021004"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["CI2021A05021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2021A05021"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["7212187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212187"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JBGS2021004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JBGS2021004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CI2021A05021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2021A05021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7212187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","award":["JBGS2021004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JBGS2021004"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","award":["CI2021A05021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2021A05021"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","award":["7212187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212187"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) is a peptide involved in fluid and blood pressure management. It regulates blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which has vasoconstrictive effects. Previous studies have shown that certain compounds of natural origin can inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes and exert blood pressure-regulating effects. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor technology is the industry standard method for observing biomolecule interactions. In our study, we used molecular simulation methods to investigate the docking energies of various herbal metabolites with ACE1 proteins, tested the real-time binding affinities between various herbal metabolites and sACE1 by SPR, and analyzed the relationship between real-time binding affinity and docking energy. In addition, to further explore the connection between inhibitor activity and real-time binding affinity, several herbal metabolites\u2032 in vitro inhibitory activities were tested using an ACE1 activity test kit. The molecular docking simulation technique\u2019s results and the real-time affinity tested by the SPR technique were found to be negatively correlated, and the virtual docking technique still has some drawbacks as a tool for forecasting proteins\u2032 affinities to the metabolites of Chinese herbal metabolites. There may be a positive correlation between the enzyme inhibitory activity and the real-time affinity detected by the SPR technique, and the results from the SPR technique may provide convincing evidence to prove the interaction between herbal metabolites and ACE1 target proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:25:09Z","timestamp":1697531109000},"page":"7131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Detection of Various Traditional Chinese Medicinal Metabolites as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Molecular Docking, Activity Testing, and Surface Plasmon Resonance Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Qixin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.19590","article-title":"Treatment of Hypertension","volume":"328","author":"Carey","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costantino, V.V., Gil Lorenzo, A.F., Bocanegra, V., and Vall\u00e9s, P.G. (2021). Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113146"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000446082","article-title":"Hypertension and the Brain: A Risk Factor for More Than Heart Disease","volume":"42","author":"Meissner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12905","article-title":"Hypertensive eye disease: A review","volume":"45","author":"Symes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.11289","article-title":"High Blood Pressure","volume":"324","author":"Desai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00559-8","article-title":"Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240","article-title":"High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"75","author":"Fuchs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy023","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension","volume":"114","author":"Touyz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2016","article-title":"Role of the Immune System in Hypertension","volume":"97","author":"Pons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303587","article-title":"Hypertension","volume":"116","author":"Roks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.676","article-title":"Regulation of Endothelial Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells and In Vivo","volume":"101","author":"Kuboki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00091-7","article-title":"Interactions among ACE, kinins and NO","volume":"43","author":"Linz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689360","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/689360","article-title":"The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Vascular Inflammation and Remodeling","volume":"2014","author":"Pacurari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanks, J., and Ramchandra, R. (2021). Angiotensin II and the Cardiac Parasympathetic Nervous System in Hypertension. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212305"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-8-225","article-title":"Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme and its relatives","volume":"4","author":"Riordan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2002.042","article-title":"New Aspects on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme: From Gene to Disease","volume":"40","author":"Baudin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-001-0074-1","article-title":"The role of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension","volume":"3","author":"Sleight","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.07.026","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs","volume":"124","author":"Laurent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.21010\/ajtcam.v14i2.39","article-title":"Structural Characteristics and Antihypertensive Effects of Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides in the Renin-Angiotensin and Kallikrein Kinin Systems","volume":"14","author":"Manoharan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.07.011","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor-induced Angioedema","volume":"128","author":"Bezalel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001","article-title":"Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review","volume":"33","author":"Atanasov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, Y., Seong, S.H., Jung, H.A., and Choi, J.S. (2019). Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Coumarins from Angelica decursiva. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213937"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.09.059","article-title":"Inhibition of angiotensin convertin enzyme (ACE) activity by the anthocyanins delphinidin- and cyanidin-3-O-sambubiosides from Hibiscus sabdariffa","volume":"127","author":"Ojeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerrero, L., Castillo, J., Qui\u00f1ones, M., Garcia-Vallv\u00e9, S., Arola, L., Pujadas, G., and Muguerza, B. (2012). Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity by Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049493"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"387","article-title":"Kaempferol, but not resveratrol inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme","volume":"59","author":"Olszanecki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.043","article-title":"The protective effect of resveratrol on vascular aging by modulation of the renin\u2013angiotensin system","volume":"270","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.12.026","article-title":"Antihypertensive effects of isoquercitrin and extracts from Tropaeolum majus L.: Evidence for the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme","volume":"134","author":"Junior","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1021\/jf903515f","article-title":"Flavonoids from the Buds of Rosa damascene Inhibit the Activity of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme","volume":"58","author":"Kwon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01355-3","article-title":"Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by flavan-3-ols and procyanidins","volume":"555","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2005.10.001","article-title":"Procyanidin structure defines the extent and specificity of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition","volume":"88","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1250","article-title":"Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme by lithospermic acid B isolated from radixSalviae miltiorrhiza Bunge","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13534","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13534","article-title":"Novel antihypertensive action of rutin is mediated via inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme\/mineralocorticoid receptor\/angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1) signaling pathways in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats","volume":"44","author":"Oyagbemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11832","DOI":"10.1021\/jf404641v","article-title":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Effects by Plant Phenolic Compounds: A Study of Structure Activity Relationships","volume":"61","author":"Gonzales","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112781","article-title":"Polyphenols composition from leaves of Cuphea spp. and inhibitor potential, in vitro, of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)","volume":"255","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9388","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901775h","article-title":"Colorimetric, High-Throughput Assay for Screening Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors","volume":"81","author":"Jimsheena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/phrev.phrev_45_16","article-title":"Review of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory assay: Rapid method in drug discovery of herbal plants","volume":"11","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.10.006","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme immobilized on magnetic beads as a tool for ligand fishing","volume":"132","author":"Vanzolini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-567-5_5","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing","volume":"503","author":"Piliarik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10481","DOI":"10.3390\/s150510481","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Versatile Technique for Biosensor Applications","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2012.09.004","article-title":"Coupling surface-plasmon resonance and mass spectrometry to quantify and to identify ligands","volume":"45","author":"Stigter","year":"2013","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J.-H., Cho, Y.-W., and Kim, T.-H. (2022). Recent Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Sensitive Optical Detection of Pathogens. Biosensors, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12030180"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.12.020","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for ErbB2 breast cancer biomarker determination in human serum and raw cancer cell lysates","volume":"905","author":"Eletxigerra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2011.11.016","article-title":"Application of surface plasmon resonance for the detection of carbohydrates, glycoconjugates, and measurement of the carbohydrate-specific interactions: A comparison with conventional analytical techniques. A critical review","volume":"712","author":"Safina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S., Devireddy, R., and Gartia, M.R. (2023). Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensor for Cancer Biomarker Detection. Biosensors, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13030396"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-244-5_13","article-title":"SPR in Drug Discovery: Searching Bioactive Compounds in Plant Extracts","volume":"572","author":"Minunni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1952","article-title":"Systematic screening of viral entry inhibitors using surface plasmon resonance","volume":"27","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.05.008","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance biosensing: Approaches for screening and characterising antibodies for food diagnostics","volume":"156\u2013157","author":"Yakes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1021\/ml2000017","article-title":"Screening for GPCR Ligands Using Surface Plasmon Resonance","volume":"2","author":"Navratilova","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11594","DOI":"10.1021\/jf5039585","article-title":"Screening of Inhibitors for Mushroom Tyrosinase Using Surface Plasmon Resonance","volume":"62","author":"Patil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2014.881250","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensors in Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Olaru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.14.246","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance: Advances of label-free approaches in the analysis of biological samples","volume":"6","author":"Riedel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13900","article-title":"The influence of angiotensin converting enzyme mutations on the kinetics and dynamics of N-domain selective inhibition","volume":"283","author":"Lubbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406415666190514081132","article-title":"Advances in Structural Biology of ACE and Development of Domain Selective ACE-inhibitors","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.01.053","article-title":"Screening and profiling stilbene-type natural products with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity from Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. hancei (Planch.) Rehder","volume":"108","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breuss, J.M., Atanasov, A.G., and Uhrin, P. (2019). Resveratrol and Its Effects on the Vascular System. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071523"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112231","article-title":"The mechanisms of calcium mobilization by procyanidins, flavonols and flavonoids from Cecropia glaziovii Sneth in pulmonary endothelial cell cultures endorse its popular use as vasodilator phytomedicine","volume":"144","author":"Trettel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3109\/14756369809021480","article-title":"Inhibition of Zinc Metallopeptidases by Flavonoids and Related Phenolic Compounds: Structure-Activity Relationships","volume":"13","author":"Parellada","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, Y., Shepherd, S., Tibbs, J., Bacon, A., Liu, W., Akin, L.D., Ayupova, T., Bhaskar, S., and Cunningham, B.T. (2023). Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence: A Review on Design Strategies and Applications. Micromachines, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14030668"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.5b00100","article-title":"Directing Fluorescence with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures","volume":"48","author":"Choudhury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accounts Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2003.09.036","article-title":"Radiative decay engineering 4. Experimental studies of surface plasmon-coupled directional emission","volume":"324","author":"Gryczynski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7939","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.3c00801","article-title":"Smartphone-Based Attomolar Cyanide Ion Sensing Using Au-Graphene Oxide Cryosoret Nanoassembly and Benzoxazolium-Based Fluorophore in a Surface Plasmon-Coupled Enhanced Fluorescence Interface","volume":"39","author":"Cheerala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068107d","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Detection of Chemical and Biological Species","volume":"108","author":"Homola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2023.100537","article-title":"Green tea EGCG inhibits na\u00efve CD4+ T cell division and progression in mice: An integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation","volume":"7","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.01.023","article-title":"Pharmacologic ACE-Inhibition Mitigates Radiation-Induced Pneumonitis by Suppressing ACE-Expressing Lung Myeloid Cells","volume":"113","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/20\/7131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:08:30Z","timestamp":1760130510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/20\/7131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28207131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28207131","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]}}}