{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:37:03Z","timestamp":1792125423124,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation","award":["T2EDK-00955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2EDK-00955"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomass exploitation is a global trend due to the circular economy and the environmentally friendly spirit. Numerous applications are now based on the use of biomass-derived products. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic and environmentally hazardous gas which is emitted from various processes. Thus, the efficient removal of this toxic hazardous gas following cost-effective processes is an essential requirement. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of biomass-derived activated carbon\/zinc oxide (ZnO@AC) composites from different biomass sources as potential candidates for H2S sorption. The synthesis involved a facile method for activated carbon production via pyrolysis and chemical activation of biomass precursors (spent coffee, Aloe-Vera waste leaves, and corncob). Activated carbon production was followed by the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles into the porous carbon matrix using a simple melt impregnation method. The synthesized ZnO@AC composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen porosimetry. The H2S removal performance of the ZnO@AC composites was evaluated through sorption experiments using a handmade apparatus. Our findings demonstrate that the Aloe-Vera-, spent coffee-, and corncob-derived composites exhibit superior H2S sorption capacity up to 106 mgH2S\/gads., 66 mgH2S\/gads., and 47 mgH2S\/gads., respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28217418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T10:59:54Z","timestamp":1699009194000},"page":"7418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hydrogen Sulfide Removal via Sorption Process on Activated Carbon\u2013Metal Oxide Composites Derived from Different Biomass Sources"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Baikousi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gantzoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Gioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2209-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Moschovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aris E.","family":"Giannakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6203-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos","family":"Avgeropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9475-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos E.","family":"Salmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4344-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Karakassides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cartre.2022.100145","article-title":"H2S Removal by Copper Enriched Porous Carbon Cuboids","volume":"7","author":"Thomou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon Trends"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1515\/revce-2013-0017","article-title":"Present Technologies for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Gaseous Mixtures","volume":"29","author":"Wiheeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. 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