{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T15:43:44Z","timestamp":1772034224820,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the preparation process of DSPE-PEG-C60\/NCTD micelles and assess the impact of fullerenol (C60)-modified micelles on the nephrotoxicity and antitumor activity of NCTD. Method: The micelles containing NCTD were prepared using the ultrasonic method and subsequently optimized and characterized. The cytotoxicity of micelles loaded with NCTD was assessed using the CCK-8 method on human hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and BEL-7402, as well as normal cell lines HK-2 and L02. Acridine orange\/ethidium bromide (AO\/EB) double staining and flow cytometry were employed to assess the impact of NCTD-loaded micelles on the apoptosis of the HK-2 cells and the HepG2 cells. Additionally, JC-1 fluorescence was utilized to quantify the alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following micelle treatment was determined through 2\u2032,7\u2032-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) staining. Results: The particle size distribution of the DSPE-PEG-C60\/NCTD micelles was determined to be 91.57 nm (PDI = 0.231). The zeta potential of the micelles was found to be \u221213.8 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was measured to be 91.9%. The in vitro release behavior of the micelles followed the Higuchi equation. Cellular experiments demonstrated a notable decrease in the toxicity of the C60-modified micelles against the HK-2 cells, accompanied by an augmented inhibitory effect on cancer cells. Compared to the free NCTD group, the DSPE-PEG-C60 micelles exhibited a decreased apoptosis rate (12%) for the HK-2 cell line, lower than the apoptosis rate observed in the NCTD group (36%) at an NCTD concentration of 75 \u03bcM. The rate of apoptosis in the HepG2 cells exhibited a significant increase (49%), surpassing the apoptosis rate observed in the NCTD group (24%) at a concentration of 150 \u03bcM NCTD. The HK-2 cells exhibited a reduction in intracellular ROS and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (\u0394\u03c8M) upon exposure to C60-modified micelles compared to the NCTD group. Conclusions: The DSPE-PEG-C60\/NCTD micelles, as prepared in this study, demonstrated the ability to decrease cytotoxicity and ROS levels in normal renal cells (HK-2) in vitro. Additionally, these micelles showed an enhanced antitumor activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2, BEL-7402).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28227609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T01:56:29Z","timestamp":1700099789000},"page":"7609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Norcantharidin-Encapsulated C60-Modified Nanomicelles: A Potential Approach to Mitigate Cytotoxicity in Renal Cells and Simultaneously Enhance Anti-Tumor Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Zhongpeng","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meihong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3608-3496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senlin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Ren, Y., Tan, L., Song, X., Wang, M., Li, Y., Cao, Z., and Guo, C. 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