{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T04:26:02Z","timestamp":1773721562403,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["2023J01897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J01897"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["S202310399047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202310399047"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["2022NS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NS007"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["2022-KF04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-KF04"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["2023J01897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J01897"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["S202310399047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202310399047"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["2022NS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NS007"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["2022-KF04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-KF04"]}]},{"name":"Project of Quanzhou City Science &amp; Technology Program of China","award":["2023J01897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J01897"]}]},{"name":"Project of Quanzhou City Science &amp; Technology Program of China","award":["S202310399047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202310399047"]}]},{"name":"Project of Quanzhou City Science &amp; Technology Program of China","award":["2022NS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NS007"]}]},{"name":"Project of Quanzhou City Science &amp; Technology Program of China","award":["2022-KF04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-KF04"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae","award":["2023J01897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J01897"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae","award":["S202310399047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202310399047"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae","award":["2022NS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NS007"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae","award":["2022-KF04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-KF04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fucoidan, brown seaweed-derived dietary fibers (DFs), can be considered a promising candidate for modulating immune responses. Due to its structural complexity and diversity, it is unclear whether Sargassum graminifolium fucoidans (SGFs) also show marvelous immunoregulatory effects. In the present study, two fractions, SGF\u22121 and SGF\u22122, were purified from SGFs by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-400 HR column chromatography. We investigated the in vivo immune regulatory activity of SGF\u22122 and explored the immune activation of SGF\u22122 fecal fermentation products with in vitro fecal fermentation combined with a Caco-2\/RAW264.7 co-culture system. In vivo results exhibited that SGF\u22122 could elevate the thymus\/spleen indices, CD8+ splenic T lymphocyte subpopulations, and CD4+ Foxp3+ splenic Tregs. The 16S high-throughput sequencing results showed that SGF\u22122 administration significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Ruminococcus, and Akkermansia. In addition, it was found that SGF\u22122 fermented by feces could significantly improve the phagocytosis, NO, and cytokine (TNF\u2212\u03b1, IL\u22126, and IL\u221210) production of macrophages in the co-culture system. These results indicated that SGFs have the potential to modulate immunity and promote health by affecting the gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28237794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1701071770000},"page":"7794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Study on Immunoregulatory Effects of Fucoidan from Sargassum graminifolium In Vivo and Immunoactivation Activity of Its Fecal Fermentation Products Using Co-Culture Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Cuifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China"},{"name":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaolong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131608","article-title":"Beneficial effects of seaweed-derived dietary fiber: Highlights of the sulfated polysaccharides","volume":"373","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","article-title":"From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites","volume":"165","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112655","article-title":"Brown algae and their multiple applications as functional ingredient in food production","volume":"167","author":"Tagliapietra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. 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