{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T16:33:42Z","timestamp":1789317222862,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31971708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6202022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6202022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022XAGG0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XAGG0100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31971708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6202022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6202022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022XAGG0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XAGG0100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science, Technology &amp; Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area","award":["31971708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971708"]}]},{"name":"Science, Technology &amp; Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area","award":["32271947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271947"]}]},{"name":"Science, Technology &amp; Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area","award":["6202022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6202022"]}]},{"name":"Science, Technology &amp; Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area","award":["2022XAGG0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XAGG0100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lily is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, with a rich floral fragrance. To further explore the fragrance emission mechanisms of lily cultivars, headspace solid-phase microextraction\u2013gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and organic solvent extraction\u2013gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (OSE-GC-MS) were used to unveil the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and endogenous extracts of seven lily cultivars. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of two key genes (TPS and BSMT) related to the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids and methyl benzoate. The results show that forty-five VOCs were detected in the petals of seven lily cultivars, and the main compounds were monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids\/benzenoids. Dichloromethane was the best solvent for extracting the endogenous extracts of Lilium \u2018Viviana\u2019 petals and eighteen endogenous extracts were detected using dichloromethane to extract the petals of seven lily cultivars. Each compound\u2019s emission ratio (natural logarithm of the ratio of VOC content to endogenous extract content) was calculated, and linear regression analyses between emission ratios and boiling points were conducted. Significant linear negative correlations existed between the emission ratios and boiling points of compounds, and the regression equations\u2019 coefficients of determination (R2) were all greater than 0.7. TPS was expressed highly in \u2018Viviana\u2019, \u2018Pink News\u2019, and \u2018Palazzo\u2019, and BSMT was expressed highly in \u2018Pink News\u2019 and \u2018Palazzo\u2019. Correlation analyses between the gene expression levels and the monoterpenoids and methyl benzoate contents found that the TPS expression levels have strong positive correlations with monoterpenoids content, while no correlations were found between the expression levels of BSMT and the contents of methyl benzoate. This study lays the foundation for research on the release patterns of VOCs in the flowers of Lilium, and the breeding of lilies for their floral fragrance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28247938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T02:55:32Z","timestamp":1701744932000},"page":"7938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Endogenous Extracts and Study of Expression Patterns of TPS and BSMT in the Flowers of Seven Lilium Cultivars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-2801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoou","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"Interspecific hybridization in Lily (Lilium): Taxonomic and commercial aspects of using species hybrids in breeding","volume":"5","author":"Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Floric. 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