{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:16:04Z","timestamp":1786947364857,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00223559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00223559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS2022RD010270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS2022RD010270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00223559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00223559"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Republic of Korea","award":["RS2022RD010270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS2022RD010270"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis species exert their pharmacological effects via the endocannabinoid system, it is believed that other phytochemicals, particularly terpenes, can modulate therapeutic outcomes through the entourage effect. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of Cannabis, obtaining information on phytochemical compositions, including mono-, di-, and sesqui-terpenes in Cannabis species is essential. Applying a sophisticated analytical method is indispensable. In this study, headspace-gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (HS-GC\/MS) was employed to identify major terpenes in the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid Cannabis species. The incubation time and temperature conditions for HS-GC\/MS were optimized. This method was successfully applied to the leaves (n = 9) and inflorescences (n = 7) of hybrid Cannabis species. A total of 26 terpenes in Cannabis species were detected, and six major components, such as \u03b1-pinene (9.8\u20132270 \u03bcg\/g), \u03b2-pinene (2.6\u2013930 \u03bcg\/g), myrcene (0.7\u201317,400 \u03bcg\/g), limonene (1.3\u2013300 \u03bcg\/g), \u03b2-caryophyllene (60\u20133300 \u03bcg\/g), and \u03b1-humulene (40\u2013870 \u03bcg\/g), were quantified. Each sample showed different terpene compositions, but six major terpenes among all the terpenes detected were consistently found in both the leaves and inflorescences of hybrid Cannabis species. In this study, the six major terpenes\u2019 potential in hybrid Cannabis species was evaluated as biomarkers to distinguish hybrid Cannabis species samples. This study contributes to a better understanding of the entourage effect of Cannabis-based botanical drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28248082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T11:26:52Z","timestamp":1702639612000},"page":"8082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Identification of Terpene Compositions in the Leaves and Inflorescences of Hybrid Cannabis Species Using Headspace-Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sangin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunjeong","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo Jeong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansoo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonwoong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7742-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongki","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ElSohly, M.A. (2007). 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