{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:05:59Z","timestamp":1791241559374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Irish Research Council Postgraduate Fellowship","award":["GOIPG\/2021\/954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOIPG\/2021\/954"]}]},{"name":"Trinity College Dublin","award":["GOIPG\/2021\/954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOIPG\/2021\/954"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a malignancy of the immune B lymphocyte cells and is the most common leukaemia diagnosed in developed countries. In this paper, we report the synthesis and antiproliferative effects of a series of (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes and related nitrostyrene compounds in CLL cell lines and also in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma (BL) cell lines, a rare form of non-Hodgkin\u2019s immune B-cell lymphoma. The nitrostyrene scaffold was identified as a lead structure for the development of effective compounds targeting BL and CLL. The series of structurally diverse nitrostyrenes was synthesised via Henry\u2013Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the structure of (E)-9-chloro-10-(2-nitrobut-1-en-1-yl)anthracene (19f) and the related 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (30a). The (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes 19a, 19g and 19i\u201319m were found to elicit potent antiproliferative effects in both BL cell lines EBV\u2212MUTU-1 (chemosensitive) and EBV+ DG-75 (chemoresistant) with &gt;90% inhibition at 10 \u03bcM. Selected (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in CLL cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.17 \u03bcM (HG-3) and 1.3 \u03bcM (PGA-1) for compound 19g. The pro-apoptotic effects of the most potent compounds 19a, 19g, 19i, 19l and 19m were demonstrated in both CLL cell lines HG-3 and PGA-1. The (E)-nitrostyrene and (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracene series of compounds offer potential for further development as novel chemotherapeutics for CLL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28248095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T11:26:52Z","timestamp":1702639612000},"page":"8095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synthesis and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Nitrovinylanthracenes and Related Compounds in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) and Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma (BL)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra A.","family":"Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James. P.","family":"McKeown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5183-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Bergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Twamley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3276-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony M.","family":"McElligott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Haematology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James\u2019s Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Noorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhangi","family":"Kandwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Fayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5660-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niamh M.","family":"O\u2019Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Clive","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8930-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary J.","family":"Meegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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