{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:19:13Z","timestamp":1792516753173,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51679022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679022"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52271303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271303"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62205296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205296"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62205297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205297"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019J12GX023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J12GX023"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XLYC2002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2002074"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["3132022219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132022219"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["3132021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132021501"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022JJ11CG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ11CG010"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ22F050007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22F050007"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ23F050004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23F050004"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["51679022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679022"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["52271303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271303"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["62205296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205296"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["62205297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205297"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["2019J12GX023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J12GX023"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["XLYC2002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2002074"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["3132022219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132022219"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["3132021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132021501"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["2022JJ11CG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ11CG010"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["LQ22F050007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22F050007"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Science Technology Innovation Fund","award":["LQ23F050004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23F050004"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["51679022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679022"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["52271303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271303"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["62205296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205296"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["62205297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205297"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["2019J12GX023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J12GX023"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["XLYC2002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2002074"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["3132022219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132022219"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["3132021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132021501"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["2022JJ11CG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ11CG010"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["LQ22F050007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22F050007"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","award":["LQ23F050004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23F050004"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["51679022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679022"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["52271303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271303"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["62205296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205296"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["62205297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205297"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2019J12GX023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J12GX023"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["XLYC2002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2002074"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["3132022219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132022219"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["3132021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132021501"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2022JJ11CG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ11CG010"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["LQ22F050007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22F050007"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["LQ23F050004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23F050004"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["51679022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679022"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["52271303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271303"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["62205296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205296"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["62205297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205297"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["2019J12GX023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J12GX023"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["XLYC2002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2002074"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["3132022219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132022219"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["3132021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132021501"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["2022JJ11CG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ11CG010"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["LQ22F050007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22F050007"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian","award":["LQ23F050004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23F050004"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["51679022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679022"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["52271303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271303"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["62205296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205296"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["62205297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205297"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2019J12GX023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J12GX023"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["XLYC2002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2002074"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["3132022219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132022219"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["3132021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132021501"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2022JJ11CG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ11CG010"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["LQ22F050007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22F050007"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["LQ23F050004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23F050004"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["51679022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679022"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["52271303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271303"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["62205296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205296"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["62205297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205297"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2019J12GX023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J12GX023"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["XLYC2002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2002074"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["3132022219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132022219"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["3132021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132021501"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2022JJ11CG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ11CG010"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["LQ22F050007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22F050007"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang","award":["LQ23F050004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23F050004"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51679022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679022"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52271303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271303"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62205296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205296"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62205297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205297"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019J12GX023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J12GX023"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XLYC2002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2002074"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["3132022219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132022219"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["3132021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132021501"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022JJ11CG010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ11CG010"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022C03084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C03084"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ22F050007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22F050007"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ23F050004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23F050004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Real-time sensing of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at room temperature is important to ensure the safety of humans and the environment. Four kinds of different nanocomposites, such as MXene Ti3C2Tx, Ti3AlC2, WS2, and MoSe2\/NiCo2O4, were synthesized using the hydrothermal method in this paper. Initially, the intrinsic properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were studied using different techniques. P-type butane and H2S-sensing behaviors of nanocomposites were performed and analyzed deeply. Four sensor sheets were fabricated using a spin-coating method. The gas sensor was distinctly part of the chemiresistor class. The MXene Ti3C2Tx\/NiCo2O4-based gas sensor detected the highest response (16) toward 10 ppm H2S at room temperature. In comparison, the sensor detected the highest response (9.8) toward 4000 ppm butane at 90 \u00b0C compared with the other three fabricated sensors (Ti3AlC2, WS2, and MoSe2\/NiCo2O4). The MXene Ti3C2Tx\/NiCo2O4 sensor showed excellent responses, minimum limits of detection (0.1 ppm H2S and 5 ppm butane), long-term stability, and good reproducibility compared with the other fabricated sensors. The highest sensing properties toward H2S and butane were accredited to p\u2013p heterojunctions, higher BET surface areas, increased oxygen species, etc. These simply synthesized nanocomposites and fabricated sensors present a novel method for tracing H2S and butane at the lowest concentration to prevent different gas-exposure-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29010202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T06:56:57Z","timestamp":1703833017000},"page":"202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["H2S\/Butane Dual Gas Sensing Based on a Hydrothermally Synthesized MXene Ti3C2Tx\/NiCo2O4 Nanocomposite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shama","family":"Sadaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3674-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Photo-Electronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.11.054","article-title":"RF sputtered SnO2: NiO thin films as sub-ppm H2S sensor operable at room temperature","volume":"242","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121570","article-title":"In situ deposited hierarchical CuO\/NiO nanowall arrays film sensor with enhanced gas sensing performance to H2S","volume":"385","author":"Sui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128988","article-title":"Ultrasensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide gas based on perovskite vertical channel chemo-sensor","volume":"326","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2017.09.011","article-title":"Environmental toxicology of hydrogen sulfide","volume":"71","author":"Rubright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.10.026","article-title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of hollow ZnSnO3 microspheres and sensing properties toward butane","volume":"153","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, D., and Akhtar, A. (2023). Ppb-Level Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Sensor Based on the Nanocomposite of MoS2 Octahedron\/ZnO-Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28073230"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"105333","article-title":"High sensitivity H2S gas sensors using lead halide perovskite nanoparticles","volume":"35","author":"Ayesha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.03.364","article-title":"Design of NiCo2O4@SnO2 heterostructure nanofiber and their low temperature ethanol sensing properties","volume":"791","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2022.125964","article-title":"The detection of ethanol vapors based on a p-type gas sensor fabricated from heterojunction MoS2\u2013NiCo2O4","volume":"282","author":"Akhtar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2023.111405","article-title":"Hierarchical NiCo2O4\/NiO mixed nanofibers for enhanced supercapacitor and ammonia gas sensor applications","volume":"157","author":"Rajasekhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32609","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA05203E","article-title":"Three-dimensional hierarchical ZnCo2O4@C3N4-B nanoflowers as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"10","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2020.137988","article-title":"A series of ZnCo2O4\/rGO\/Pt nanocubes with excellent photocatalytic activity towards visible light","volume":"759","author":"Gnanamoorthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130912","article-title":"High-sensitive NO2 sensor based on p-NiCo2O4\/n-WO3 heterojunctions","volume":"352","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"122","article-title":"NiCo2O4 nano-\/microstructures as high-performance biosensors: A review","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomicro Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.146706","article-title":"Formation of NiCo2O4 hierarchical tubular nanostructures for enhanced xylene sensing properties","volume":"526","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128577","article-title":"Hierarchical flower-like NiCo2O4 applied in n-butanol detection at low temperature","volume":"320","author":"Dang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.129862","article-title":"Bimetal carbonaceous templates for multi-shelled NiCo2O4 hollow sphere with enhanced xylene detection","volume":"339","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10501","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NJ01094G","article-title":"Ultra-efficient room temperature H2S gas sensor based on NiCo2O4\/r-GO Nanocomposites","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.12.024","article-title":"Humidity sensors based on ZnO\/TiO2 core\/shell nanorod arrays with enhanced sensitivity","volume":"159","author":"Gu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stankic, S., Suman, S., Haque, F., and Vidic, J. (2016). Pure and multi metal oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. J. Nanobiotechnol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-016-0225-6"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.134048","article-title":"Sensitivity\u2013Enhanced detection of acetone gas using MXene-Immobilized planar microwave sensor","volume":"392","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2022.168563","article-title":"Layered Ti3C2Tx MXene\/CuO spindles composites for NH3 detection at room-temperature","volume":"938","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.154839","article-title":"Au-decorated In2O3 nanospheres\/exfoliated Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets for highly sensitive formaldehyde gas sensing at room temperature","volume":"605","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c00749","article-title":"CuO Nanoparticles\/Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrid Nanocomposites for Detection of Toluene Gas","volume":"3","author":"Hermawan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.3c00698","article-title":"ZnO@Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrid Composite-Based Schottky-Barrier-Coated SAW Sensor for Effective Detection of Sub-ppb-Level NH3 at Room Temperature under UV Illumination","volume":"5","author":"Pasupuleti","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2023.101097","article-title":"Christodoulos Chatzichristodoulou f, Kaili Zhang a, MXene-based hetero-structures: Current trend and development in electrochemical energy storage devices","volume":"97","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2022.08.045","article-title":"Carbon nanotubes boosts the toughness and conductivity of wet-spun MXene fibers for fiber-shaped super capacitors","volume":"200","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.120109","article-title":"Nacre-inspired cellulose nanofiber\/MXene flexible composite film with mechanical robustness for humidity sensing","volume":"298","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4248","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102306","article-title":"Two\u2013dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2","volume":"23","author":"Michael","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127274","article-title":"W18O49\/Ti3C2Tx Mxene nanocomposites for highly sensitive acetone gas sensor with low detection limit","volume":"304","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.340256","article-title":"Ti3C2Tx MXene\/urchin-like PANI hollow nanosphere composite for high performance flexible ammonia gas sensor","volume":"1225","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b07460","article-title":"Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene Gas Sensors with Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise Ratio","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2020.07.040","article-title":"SnO-SnO2 modified two-dimensional MXene Ti3C2Tx for acetone gas sensor working at room temperature","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408430903245369","article-title":"Porous semiconductors: Advanced material for gas sensor applications","volume":"35","author":"Korotcenkov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24698","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA03402D","article-title":"Facile preparation of in situ coated Ti3C2Tx\/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites and their electromagnetic performance","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.08.183","article-title":"Two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with superior adsorption behavior for phosphate and nitrate ions from the aqueous environment","volume":"47","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.102029","article-title":"Unveiling the structural, charge density distribution and supercapacitor performance of NiCo2O4 nano flowers for asymmetric device fabrication","volume":"34","author":"Packiaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16410","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b01209","article-title":"Oxygen Vacancy\u2013Determined Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction in NiCo2O4\/Hollow Carbon Spheres","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123621","article-title":"Thermal-triggered insulating fireproof layers: A novel fire-extinguishing MXene composites coating","volume":"391","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106502","article-title":"Environmentally stable, mechanically flexible, self-adhesive, and electrically conductive Ti3C2TX MXene hydrogels for wide-temperature strain sensing","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.02.008","article-title":"Ultrasensitive H2S gas detection at room temperature based on copper oxide\/molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite with synergistic effect","volume":"287","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19119","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b04751","article-title":"Hierarchical assembly of alpha-Fe2O3 nanosheets on SnO2 hollow nanospheres with enhanced ethanol sensing properties","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.132195","article-title":"Room temperature NH3 sensing properties and humidity influence of Ti3C2Tx and Ag-Ti3C2Tx in an oxygen-free environment","volume":"369","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7682","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-023-5472-x","article-title":"UV light driven high-performance room temperature surface acoustic wave NH3 gas sensor using sulfur-doped g-C3N4 quantum dots","volume":"16","author":"Pasupuleti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127010","article-title":"Hierarchical SnO2\u2013Sn3O4 heterostructural gas sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity to NO2","volume":"301","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator. B Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465706","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/21\/46\/465706","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and opto-electrical properties of ternary Zn2SnO4 nanowires","volume":"21","author":"Pang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47602","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA09024B","article-title":"Hierarchical flower-like NiCo2O4@TiO2 hetero-nanosheets as anodes for lithium ion batteries","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.09.190","article-title":"Improving the electrochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene for H2S electrochemical sensor by calcination","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2015.08.023","article-title":"Influence of particle size on H2 and H2S sensing characteristics of nanocrystalline nickel ferrite","volume":"74","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. E Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7733","DOI":"10.1021\/ic300749a","article-title":"NiO@ZnO heterostructured nanotubes: Coelectrospinning fabrication, characterization, and highly enhanced gas sensing properties","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2016.06.066","article-title":"H2S gas sensing properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticle-decorated NiO nanoplate sensors","volume":"307","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4872809","article-title":"H2S sensing properties of R.F. sputtered NiO thin films","volume":"1591","author":"Bagwaiya","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.08.013","article-title":"The study of structural properties of carbon nanotubes decorated with NiFe2O4 nanoparticles and application of nano-composite thin film as H2S gas sensor","volume":"44","author":"Hajihashemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14201","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA00182F","article-title":"Fe3+ facilitating the response of NiO towards H2S","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130221","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide gas sensing properties of metal organic framework-derived \u03b1-Fe2O3 hollow nanospheres decorated with MoSe2 nanoflowers","volume":"344","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2011.06.029","article-title":"Combustion synthesis of magnesium ferrite as liquid petroleum gas (LPG) sensor: Effect of sintering temperature","volume":"12","author":"Patil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.03.055","article-title":"High-performance liquefied petroleum gas sensing based on nanostructures of zinc oxide and zinc stannate","volume":"157","author":"Sivapunniyam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.03.120","article-title":"Temperature dependent donor-acceptor transition of ZnO thin film gas sensor during butane detection","volume":"183","author":"Pati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/1\/202\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:44:13Z","timestamp":1760132653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/1\/202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules29010202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29010202","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]}}}