{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:49:36Z","timestamp":1792856976945,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Extractive Metallurgy (DEMEX) of the Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional","award":["PIS-20-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIS-20-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01gb99w41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are seen as environmentally friendly alternatives with the potential to replace traditional solvents used in hydrometallurgical processes. Although DESs have been successfully applied in the recovery of metals from secondary sources, there is still innovative potential regarding DESs as green leaching agents applied in the recovery of metals from primary sources like polysulfide ores. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of DESs as solvents for some of the main metals present in typical polymetallic concentrates, like Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn. Thus, three DESs based on choline chloride (ChCl) were prepared: 1:2 ChCl-urea (also known as reline), 1:2 ChCl-ethylene glycol (also known as ethaline), and 1:2 ChCl-glycerol (also known as glyceline). Then, dissolution tests at 30 \u00b0C were carried out with these DESs and different metal- (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) bearing compounds (sulfates, oxides, and sulfides). According to the dissolution tests, it was found that the solubility of the studied metals (expressed as g of metal per Kg of DES) was dictated by the bearing species, reaching the dissolution of the metals from sulfates with values as high as two orders of magnitude higher than the metal solubility values for metal oxides and sulfides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T05:12:17Z","timestamp":1704431537000},"page":"290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Dissolution of Metals (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) from Different Metal-Bearing Species (Sulfides, Oxides, and Sulfates) Using Three Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Arag\u00f3n-Tobar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Extractive Metallurgy, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Ladr\u00f3n de Guevara E11-253, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Endara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Extractive Metallurgy, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Ladr\u00f3n de Guevara E11-253, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Extractive Metallurgy, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Ladr\u00f3n de Guevara E11-253, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/suschem1030016","article-title":"Review on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Metals with Deep Eutectic Solvents","volume":"1","author":"Zante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Hunt, A.J. (2013). Element Recovery and Sustainability, Royal Society of Chemistry. [1st ed.]. RSC Green Chemistry No. 22."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/0144235X.2015.1088217","article-title":"Metal extraction to ionic liquids: The relationship between structure, mechanism and application","volume":"34","author":"Janssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Phys. 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