{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T10:25:27Z","timestamp":1792319127215,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["307659\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307659\/2021-6"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["407796\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407796\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["APQ-0635-3.03\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-0635-3.03\/21"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["307659\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307659\/2021-6"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["407796\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407796\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["APQ-0635-3.03\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-0635-3.03\/21"]}]},{"name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (FACEPE)","award":["307659\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307659\/2021-6"]}]},{"name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (FACEPE)","award":["407796\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407796\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (FACEPE)","award":["APQ-0635-3.03\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-0635-3.03\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a study on the green synthesis of undoped and Er-doped ZnO compounds using Mangifera indica gum (MI). A set of tests were conducted to assess the structure of the material. The tests included X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical properties were studied using diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence. Morphological and textural investigations were done using SEM images and N2 adsorption\/desorption. Furthermore, photocatalytic tests were performed with methylene blue (MB), yellow eosin (EY), and the pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IBU) under UV irradiation. The study demonstrated that replacing the stabilizing agent with Mangifera indica gum is an effective method for obtaining ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the energy gap of the nanoparticles exhibits a slight reduction in value. Photoluminescence studies showed the presence of zinc vacancies and other defects in both samples. In the photocatalytic test, the sample containing Er3+ exhibited a degradation of 99.7% for methylene blue, 81.2% for yellow eosin, and 52.3% for ibuprofen over 120 min. In the presence of methyl alcohol, the degradation of MB and EY dyes is 16.7% and 55.7%, respectively. This suggests that hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the direct degradation of both dyes. In addition, after the second reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 94.08%, and for EY, it was 82.35%. For the third reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 97.15%, and for EY, it was 17%. These results indicate the significant potential of the new semiconductor in environmental remediation applications from an ecological synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T09:24:11Z","timestamp":1705051451000},"page":"391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00edlia C. R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9520-414X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Castro-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Acad\u00eamica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aim\u00e9e G.","family":"Jer\u00f4nimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Acad\u00eamica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Acad\u00eamica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexsandro","family":"Lins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Acad\u00eamica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pollyana","family":"Trigueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Acad\u00eamica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5207-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartolomeu C.","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca P.","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade Acad\u00eamica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7089-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josy A.","family":"Osajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n R.","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade Acad\u00eamica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-020-04923-1","article-title":"Enhancing the Electrical and Dielectric Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles through Fe Doping for Electric Storage Applications","volume":"32","author":"Saadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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