{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:03:44Z","timestamp":1792173824174,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD21\/0002\/0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0002\/0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIO#22009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIO#22009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Caja Rural de Asturias","award":["RD21\/0002\/0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0002\/0041"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Caja Rural de Asturias","award":["FIO#22009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIO#22009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Corneal diseases are a major cause of vision loss, often associated with aging, trauma and disease. Damage to corneal sensory innervation leads to discomfort and pain. Environmental stressors, such as short-wavelength light, can induce oxidative stress that alters mitochondrial function and affects cell and tissue homeostasis, including corneal innervation. Cellular antioxidant mechanisms may attenuate oxidative stress. This study investigates crocin, a derivative of saffron, as a potential antioxidant therapy. In vitro rat trigeminal sensory ganglion neurons were exposed to both sodium azide and blue light overexposure as a model of oxidative damage. Crocin was used as a neuroprotective agent. Mitochondrial and cytoskeletal markers were studied by immunofluorescence analysis to determine oxidative damage and neuroprotection. In vivo corneal innervation degeneration was evaluated in cornea whole mount preparations using Sholl analyses. Blue light exposure induces oxidative stress that affects trigeminal neuron mitochondria and alters sensory axon dynamics in vitro, and it also affects corneal sensory innervation in an in vivo model. Our results show that crocin was effective in preserving mitochondrial function and protecting corneal sensory neurons from oxidative stress. Crocin appears to be a promising candidate for the neuroprotection of corneal innervation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T07:41:28Z","timestamp":1705477288000},"page":"456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immunocytochemical Analysis of Crocin against Oxidative Stress in Trigeminal Sensory Neurons Innervating the Cornea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6658-2590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2867-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Del Olmo-Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enol","family":"Artime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4976-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega Cueto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Merayo-Lloves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6051-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Alcalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega, Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. 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