{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:10:55Z","timestamp":1790892655331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["821RC581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821RC581"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202211810004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202211810004"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82060642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060642"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021a003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021a003"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["821RC581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821RC581"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["202211810004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202211810004"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["82060642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060642"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["2021a003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021a003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["821RC581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821RC581"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202211810004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202211810004"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82060642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060642"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021a003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021a003"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong \u201cClimbing\u201d Program for Undergraduates","award":["821RC581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821RC581"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong \u201cClimbing\u201d Program for Undergraduates","award":["202211810004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202211810004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong \u201cClimbing\u201d Program for Undergraduates","award":["82060642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060642"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong \u201cClimbing\u201d Program for Undergraduates","award":["2021a003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021a003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a medium-potency synthetic glucocorticoid, is primarily employed to treat posterior ocular diseases using vitreous injection. This study aimed to design novel ocular nanoformulation drug delivery systems using PLGA carriers to overcome the ocular drug delivery barrier and facilitate effective delivery into the ocular tissues after topical administration. The surface of the PLGA nanodelivery system was made hydrophilic (2-HP-\u03b2-CD) through an emulsified solvent volatilization method, followed by system characterization. The mechanism of cellular uptake across the corneal epithelial cell barrier used rhodamine B (Rh-B) to prepare fluorescent probes for delivery systems. The triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-loaded nanodelivery system was validated by in vitro release behavior, isolated corneal permeability, and in vivo atrial hydrodynamics. The results indicated that the fluorescent probes, viz., the Rh-B-(2-HP-\u03b2-CD)\/PLGA NPs and the drug-loaded TA-(2-HP-\u03b2-CD)\/PLGA NPs, were within 200 nm in size. Moreover, the system was homogeneous and stable. The in vitro transport mechanism across the epithelial barrier showed that the uptake of nanoparticles was time-dependent and that NPs were actively transported across the epithelial barrier. The in vitro release behavior of the TA-loaded nanodelivery systems revealed that (2-HP-\u03b2-CD)\/PLGA nanoparticles could prolong the drug release time to up to three times longer than the suspensions. The isolated corneal permeability demonstrated that TA-(2-HP-\u03b2-CD)\/PLGA NPs could extend the precorneal retention time and boost corneal permeability. Thus, they increased the cumulative release per unit area 7.99-fold at 8 h compared to the suspension. The pharmacokinetics within the aqueous humor showed that (2-HP-\u03b2-CD)\/PLGA nanoparticles could elevate the bioavailability of the drug, and its Cmax was 51.91 times higher than that of the triamcinolone acetonide aqueous solution. Therefore, (2-HP-\u03b2-CD)\/PLGA NPs can potentially elevate transmembrane uptake, promote corneal permeability, and improve the bioavailability of drugs inside the aqueous humor. This study provides a foundation for future research on transocular barrier nanoformulations for non-invasive drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29030658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T09:56:34Z","timestamp":1706694994000},"page":"658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Polymer Nanoparticles with 2-HP-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin for Enhanced Retention of Uptake into HCE-T Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Zhenmiao","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2743-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baohua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiquan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beicheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-120002997","article-title":"Penetration Enhancers and Ocular Bioadhesives: Two New Avenues for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery","volume":"28","author":"Kaur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Dev. 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