{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:34:51Z","timestamp":1789907691493,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China, Synthetic Biology Research","award":["2019YFA0905300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0905300"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China, Synthetic Biology Research","award":["2022B1515120015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515120015"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China, Synthetic Biology Research","award":["2022ZDZX2056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDZX2056"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China, Synthetic Biology Research","award":["2021A1515010110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515010110"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2019YFA0905300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0905300"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2022B1515120015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515120015"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2022ZDZX2056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDZX2056"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2021A1515010110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515010110"]}]},{"name":"Special projects in key fields of university in Guangdong province","award":["2019YFA0905300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0905300"]}]},{"name":"Special projects in key fields of university in Guangdong province","award":["2022B1515120015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515120015"]}]},{"name":"Special projects in key fields of university in Guangdong province","award":["2022ZDZX2056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDZX2056"]}]},{"name":"Special projects in key fields of university in Guangdong province","award":["2021A1515010110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515010110"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2019YFA0905300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0905300"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2022B1515120015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1515120015"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2022ZDZX2056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDZX2056"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2021A1515010110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515010110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant traditionally used to produce diterpene lactones and flavonoids, which possess various biological activities. Widely distributed in China, India, and other Southeast Asia countries, A. paniculata has become an important economic crop, significantly treating SARS-CoV-2, and is being cultivated on a large scale in southern China. The biosynthesis of active ingredients in A. paniculata are regulated and controlled by genes, but their specific roles are still not fully understood. To further explore the growth regulation factors and utilization of its medicinal parts of this industrial crop, chemical and transcriptome analyses were conducted on the roots, stems, and leaves of A. paniculata to identify the biosynthesis pathways and related candidate genes of the active ingredients. The chemical analysis revealed that the main components of A. paniculata were diterpene lactones and flavonoids, which displayed potential ability to treat SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking. Moreover, the transcriptome sequencing annotated a total of 40,850 unigenes, including 7962 differentially expressed genes. Among these, 120 genes were involved in diterpene lactone biosynthesis and 60 genes were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. The expression of diterpene lactone-related genes was the highest in leaves and the lowest in roots, consistent with our content determination results. It is speculated that these highly expressed genes in leaves may be involved in the biosynthesis pathway of diterpenes. Furthermore, two class \u2160 terpene synthases in A. paniculata transcriptome were also annotated, providing reference for the downstream pathway of the diterpene lactone biosynthesis. With their excellent market value, our experiments will promote the study of the biosynthetic genes for active ingredients in A. paniculata and provide insights for subsequent in vitro biosynthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29040852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T11:18:46Z","timestamp":1707909526000},"page":"852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Integrating Transcriptome and Chemical Analyses to Provide Insights into Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Flavonoids in the Medicinal Industrial Crop Andrographis paniculate and Its Antiviral Medicinal Parts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kuo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengjie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heshui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6456-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7295-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0433-6842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4524-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, S., Urbi, Z., Karuniawati, H., Mohiuddin, R.B., Moh Qrimida, A., Allzrag, A.M.M., Ming, L.C., Pagano, E., and Capasso, R. 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