{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:47:35Z","timestamp":1760143655164,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51964010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51964010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Red mud (RM), a bauxite residue, contains hazardous radioactive wastes and alkaline material and poses severe surface water and groundwater contamination risks, necessitating recycling. Pretreated RM can be used to make adsorbents for water treatment. However, its performance is affected by many factors, resulting in a nonlinear correlation and coupling relationship. This study aimed to identify the best formula for an RM adsorbent using a mathematical model that examines the relationship between 11 formulation types (e.g., pore-assisting agent, component modifier, and external binder) and 9 properties (e.g., specific surface area, wetting angle, and Zeta potential). This model was built using a back-propagation neural network (BP) based on single-factor experimental data and orthogonal experimental data. The model trained and predicted the established network structure to obtain the optimal adsorbent formula. The RM particle adsorbents had a pH of 10.16, specific surface area (BET) of 48.92 m2\u00b7g\u22121, pore volume of 2.10 cm3\u00b7g\u22121, compressive strength (ST) of 1.12 KPa, and 24 h immersion pulverization rate (\u03b7m) of 3.72%. In the removal of total phosphorus in flotation tailings backwater, it exhibited a good adsorption capacity (Q) and total phosphorous removal rate (\u03b7) of 48.63 mg\u00b7g\u22121 and 95.13%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29050970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T07:33:56Z","timestamp":1708673636000},"page":"970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Formulation Optimization and Performance Prediction of Red Mud Particle Adsorbents Based on Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Longjiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mining College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"National & Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering for Effective Utilization of Regional Mineral Resources from Karst Areas, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Non-Metallic Mineral Resources, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yalan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mining College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"National & Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering for Effective Utilization of Regional Mineral Resources from Karst Areas, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Non-Metallic Mineral Resources, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mining College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"National & Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering for Effective Utilization of Regional Mineral Resources from Karst Areas, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Non-Metallic Mineral Resources, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.4491\/eer.2019.374","article-title":"Application of modified red mud in environmentally-benign applications: A review paper","volume":"25","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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