{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T16:15:34Z","timestamp":1760890534759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["IFP22UQU4430043DSR117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFP22UQU4430043DSR117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phlomis stewartii is a wild, perennial woody plant used for diverse therapeutic targets. The present work evaluated the influence of independent variables such as extraction time, solvent concentration, and speed in the range of (100 mL, 150 mL, and 200 mL), (2 h, 5 h, and 8 h), and (100 rpm, 150 rpm, and 200 rpm), respectively, on extraction yields, phytochemical components, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of P. stewartii extract. In the present work, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction yield. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to detect the bioactive constituents of the extracts. The potent extracts were analyzed to study \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Under the optimized conditions of solvent concentration (200 mL), extraction time (8 h), and speed (150 rpm), the whole plant methanol extract (WPME) showed a maximum extraction yield of 13.5%, while the leaves methanol extract (LME) showed a maximum TPC of 19.5 \u00b1 44 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of extract and a maximum TFC of 4.78 \u00b1 0.34 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE) per gram of extract. HPLC analysis showed the presence of p-coumaric, gallic acid, quercetin, salicylic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillic acid. LME showed the highest \u03b1-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 46.86 \u00b1 0.21 \u00b5g\/mL) and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 value of 45.81 \u00b1 0.17 \u00b5g\/mL). Therefore, in conclusion, LME could be considered to fix the \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase-mediated disorders in the human body to develop herbal phytomedicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29051049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T09:26:17Z","timestamp":1709112377000},"page":"1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Phytochemicals, Health-Promoting Effects, and Enzyme Inhibition Traits of Phlomis stewartii Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mamoon Ur","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Ali Raza","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4253-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad","family":"Al-Asmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdul","family":"Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Times Institute, Multan 60700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5431-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Fawzy","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olufunmilayo, E.O., Gerke-Duncan, M.B., and Holsinger, R.D. 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