{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:31:00Z","timestamp":1781044260021,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014423","name":"Environment Research and Technology Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1MF-2204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1MF-2204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014423","name":"Environment Research and Technology Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K04822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K04822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1MF-2204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1MF-2204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K04822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K04822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nagasaki University organization for marine science and technology and for the function enhancement program of research","award":["1MF-2204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1MF-2204"]}]},{"name":"Nagasaki University organization for marine science and technology and for the function enhancement program of research","award":["23K04822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K04822"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microplastics (MP) encompass not only plastic products but also paint particles. Marine microdebris, including MP, was retrieved from five sampling stations spanning Nagasaki-Goto island and was classified into six types, primarily consisting of MP (A), Si-based (B), and Cu-based (C) paint particles. Type-A particles, i.e., MP, were exceedingly small, with 74% of them having a long diameter of 25 \u00b5m or less. The vertical distribution of type C, containing cuprous oxide, exhibited no depth dependence, with its dominant size being less than 7 \u03bcm. It was considered that the presence of type C was associated with a natural phenomenon of MP loss. To clarify this, polypropylene (PP) samples containing cuprous oxide were prepared, and their accelerated degradation behavior was studied using a novel enhanced degradation method employing a sulfate ion radical as an initiator. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of a copper soap compound in seawater. Scanning electron microscopy\/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the chemical reactions between Cl\u2212 and cuprous oxide produced Cu+ ions. The acceleration of degradation induced by the copper soap formed was studied through the changes in the number of PP chain scissions, revealing that the presence of type-C accelerated MP degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29051173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T05:48:01Z","timestamp":1709704081000},"page":"1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4216-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisayuki","family":"Nakatani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"},{"name":"Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaito","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taishi","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Motokucho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"},{"name":"Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh Thi Ngoc","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-3280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuharu","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0913-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusaku","family":"Kyozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(02)00220-5","article-title":"The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: A review","volume":"44","author":"Derraik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar. 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