{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:48:24Z","timestamp":1787827704585,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2020R1I1A1A01068463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01068463"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["RS-2023-00242630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00242630"]}]},{"name":"2021 Academic Research Support Program in Gangneung-Wonju National University","award":["2020R1I1A1A01068463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01068463"]}]},{"name":"2021 Academic Research Support Program in Gangneung-Wonju National University","award":["RS-2023-00242630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00242630"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging evidence has demonstrated a strong correlation between vitamin D status and fatty liver disease. Aberrant hepatic fat infiltration contributes to oxidant overproduction, promoting metabolic dysfunction, and inflammatory responses. Vitamin D supplementation might be a good strategy for reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its associated diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of the most biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), in hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation in palmitic acid (PA)-treated AML-12 hepatocytes. The results indicated that treatment with 1,25(OH)2D significantly decreased triglyceride contents, lipid peroxidation, and cellular damage. In addition, mRNA levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like CARD-domain protein (ASC), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), and interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome accompanied by caspase-1 activity and IL-1\u03b2 expression were significantly suppressed by 1,25(OH)2D in PA-treated hepatocytes. Moreover, upon PA exposure, 1,25(OH)2D-incubated AML-12 hepatocytes showed higher sirtulin 1 (SIRT1) expression and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. A SIRT1 inhibitor alleviated the beneficial effects of 1,25(OH)2D on PA-induced hepatic fat deposition, IL-1\u03b2 expression, and caspase-1 activity. These results suggest that the favorable effects of 1,25(OH)2D on hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation may be, at least in part, associated with the SIRT1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29061401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T04:34:46Z","timestamp":1710995686000},"page":"1401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vitamin D Mitigates Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Inflammation and Increases SIRT1\/AMPK Expression in AML-12 Hepatocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6949-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Gangwon State, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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