{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:12:33Z","timestamp":1780549953362,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss TPH","award":["CRSII5_183536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII5_183536"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["CRSII5_183536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII5_183536"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Folk medicine is widely used in Angola, even for human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in spite of the fact that the reference treatment is available for free. Aiming to validate herbal remedies in use, we selected nine medicinal plants and assessed their antitrypanosomal activity. A total of 122 extracts were prepared using different plant parts and solvents. A total of 15 extracts from seven different plants exhibited in vitro activity (&gt;70% at 20 \u00b5g\/mL) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms. The dichloromethane extract of Nymphaea lotus (leaves and leaflets) and the ethanolic extract of Brasenia schreberi (leaves) had IC50 values \u2264 10 \u00b5g\/mL. These two aquatic plants are of particular interest. They are being co-applied in the form of a decoction of leaves because they are considered by local healers as male and female of the same species, the ethnotaxon \u201clonga dia simbi\u201d. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the identification of eight active molecules: gallic acid (IC50 0.5 \u00b5g\/mL), methyl gallate (IC50 1.1 \u00b5g\/mL), 2,3,4,6-tetragalloyl-glucopyranoside, ethyl gallate (IC50 0.5 \u00b5g\/mL), 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-\u03b2-glucopyranoside (IC50 20 \u00b5g\/mL), gossypetin-7-O-\u03b2-glucopyranoside (IC50 5.5 \u00b5g\/mL), and hypolaetin-7-O-glucoside (IC50 5.7 \u00b5g\/mL) in B. schreberi, and 5-[(8Z,11Z,14Z)-heptadeca-8,11,14-trienyl] resorcinol (IC50 5.3 \u00b5g\/mL) not described to date in N. lotus. Five of these active constituents were detected in the traditional preparation. This work provides the first evidence for the ethnomedicinal use of these plants in the management of sleeping sickness in Angola.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29071611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1712133754000},"page":"1611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antiprotozoal Activity of Plants Used in the Management of Sleeping Sickness in Angola and Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel and Nymphaea lotus L. Active against T. b. rhodesiense"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Vahekeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4769-4084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Th\u00e9o","family":"Brillatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Rahmaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Cal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Keller-Maerki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Rocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1785-7302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Sax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Mattli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytopharmacy & Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Z\u00fcrich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 W\u00e4denswil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Wolfram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytopharmacy & Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Z\u00fcrich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 W\u00e4denswil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9614-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Marcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emerson Ferreira","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0125-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Wolfender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3122-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"M\u00e4ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2002). 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