{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T16:44:20Z","timestamp":1781369060429,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taizhou Scientific and Technological Project","award":["22gya05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22gya05"]}]},{"name":"Taizhou Scientific and Technological Project","award":["LJKZ0433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0433"]}]},{"name":"The Scientific Research Project of Education Bureau of Liaoning Province, China","award":["22gya05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22gya05"]}]},{"name":"The Scientific Research Project of Education Bureau of Liaoning Province, China","award":["LJKZ0433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0433"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fever is a serious condition that can lead to various consequences ranging from prolonged illness to death. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) has been used for centuries to treat fever, but the specific chemicals responsible for its antipyretic effects are not well understood. This study aimed to isolate and identify the chemicals with antipyretic bioactivity in T. hemsleyanum extracts and to provide an explanation for the use of T. hemsleyanum as a Chinese herbal medicine for fever treatment. Our results demonstrate that kaempferol 3-rutinoside (K3OR) could be successfully isolated and purified from the roots of T. hemsleyanum. Furthermore, K3OR exhibited a significant reduction in rectal temperature in a mouse model of fever. Notably, a 4 \u03bcM concentration of K3OR showed more effective antipyretic effects than ibuprofen and acetaminophen. To explore the underlying mechanism, we conducted an RNA sequencing analysis, which revealed that PXN may act as a key regulator in the fever process induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the mouse model of fever, K3OR significantly promoted the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 during the early stage in the LPS-treated group. However, during the middle to late stages, K3OR facilitated the elimination of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in the LPS-treated group. Overall, our study successfully identified the chemicals responsible for the antipyretic bioactivity in T. hemsleyanum extracts, and it answered the question as to why T. hemsleyanum is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating fever. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of T. hemsleyanum in managing fever, and they provide a basis for further research and development in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29071641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T03:11:33Z","timestamp":1712545893000},"page":"1641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Kaempferol 3-O-Rutinoside, a Flavone Derived from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, Reduces Body Temperature through Accelerating the Elimination of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in a Mouse Fever Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Weilong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou 318000, China"},{"name":"Taizhou Research Institute of Bio-Medical and Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duotao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical and Technology, Shenyang 110142, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqian","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou 318000, China"},{"name":"Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China"},{"name":"Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1960.40.3.580","article-title":"Pathogenesis of fever","volume":"40","author":"Atkins","year":"1960","journal-title":"Physiol. 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