{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:23:57Z","timestamp":1776860637684,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","award":["6181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6181"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Onosma bracteatum Wall (O. bracteatum) has been used traditionally for the management of arthritis; however, its therapeutic potential warrants further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of the aqueous\u2013ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum leaves (AeOB) in a rat model of complete Freund\u2019s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Rats were treated with AeOB (250, 500, and 750 mg\/kg), indomethacin (10 mg\/kg), or a vehicle control from days 8 to 28 post-CFA injection. Arthritic score, paw diameter, and body weight were monitored at regular intervals. X-ray radiographs and histopathological analysis were performed to assess arthritic severity. Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified by qPCR and icromatography. Phytochemical analysis of AeOB revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, Saponins, and glycosides. AeOB also exhibited antioxidant potential with an IC50 of 73.22 \u00b5g\/mL in a DPPH assay. AeOB and diclofenac exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. Rats treated with AeOB at 750 mg\/kg and indomethacin showed significantly reduced arthritic symptoms and joint inflammation versus the CFA control. The AeOB treatment downregulated TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 and decreased CRP levels compared with arthritic rats. Radiography and histopathology also showed improved prognosis. These findings demonstrate the anti-arthritic potential of AeOB leaves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29081830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T10:52:37Z","timestamp":1713351157000},"page":"1830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Onosma bracteatum Wall Aqueous\u2013Ethanolic Extract Suppresses Complete Freund\u2019s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulation of TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and C-Reactive Protein"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1328-4623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farah","family":"Zafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghazala","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1519-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Farhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3328-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazala","family":"Muteeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1748-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Aatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-3155-z","article-title":"Predictors of impaired quality of life in patients with rheumatic diseases","volume":"35","author":"Anyfanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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