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Accordingly, L-type peptides were synthesized predicated upon the PD-1\/PD-L1 blocker DPPA-1. Subsequent glycosylation resulted in the production of two distinct glycopeptides, D-glu-LPPA-1 and D-gal-LPPA-1, by using D-glucose (D-glu) and D-galactose (D-gal), respectively, during glycosylation. Both glycopeptides significantly inhibited the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, and the measured half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were 75.5 \u03bcM and 101.9 \u03bcM for D-glu-LPPA-1 and D-gal-LPPA-1, respectively. Furthermore, D-gal-LPPA-1 displayed a pronounced ability to restore T-cell functionality. In an MC38 tumor-bearing mouse model, D-gal-LPPA-1 demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect. Notably, D-gal-LPPA-1 substantially augmented the abundance and functionality of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, in the lymph nodes and spleens, D-gal-LPPA-1 significantly increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3). These strong findings position D-gal-LPPA-1 as a potent enhancer of the antitumor immune response in MC38 tumor-bearing mice, underscoring its potential as a formidable PD-1\/PD-L1 blocking agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29081898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T09:53:52Z","timestamp":1713779632000},"page":"1898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Development of Glycosylation-Modified DPPA-1 Compounds as Innovative PD-1\/PD-L1 Blockers: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xixi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longfei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4632-4364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6030-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chune","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sciences, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0129-4","article-title":"Glycosylation in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Reily","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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