{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:40:58Z","timestamp":1790476858883,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["2023XM16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XM16"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["20206020-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20206020-2"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["110202202030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202202030"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["SCYC202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCYC202306"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Talent Program","award":["2023XM16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XM16"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Talent Program","award":["20206020-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20206020-2"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Talent Program","award":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Talent Program","award":["110202202030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202202030"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Talent Program","award":["SCYC202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCYC202306"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)","award":["2023XM16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XM16"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)","award":["20206020-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20206020-2"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)","award":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)","award":["110202202030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202202030"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)","award":["SCYC202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCYC202306"]}]},{"name":"Key Program for Science and Technology of CNTC","award":["2023XM16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XM16"]}]},{"name":"Key Program for Science and Technology of CNTC","award":["20206020-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20206020-2"]}]},{"name":"Key Program for Science and Technology of CNTC","award":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"]}]},{"name":"Key Program for Science and Technology of CNTC","award":["110202202030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202202030"]}]},{"name":"Key Program for Science and Technology of CNTC","award":["SCYC202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCYC202306"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of CNTC, and the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["2023XM16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XM16"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of CNTC, and the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["20206020-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20206020-2"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of CNTC, and the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QianKeHe-ZK[2024] General 645"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of CNTC, and the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["110202202030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202202030"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of CNTC, and the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Provincial Branch of the CNTC","award":["SCYC202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCYC202306"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>2, 6-diisopropylaniline (2, 6-DIPA) is a crucial non-intentionally organic additive that allows the assessment of the production processes, formulation qualities, and performance variations in biodegradable mulching film. Moreover, its release into the environment may have certain effects on human health. Hence, this study developed simultaneous heating hydrolysis\u2013extraction and amine switchable hydrophilic solvent vortex-assisted homogeneous liquid\u2013liquid microextraction for the gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis of the 2, 6-DIPA additive and its corresponding isocyanates in poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) biodegradable agricultural mulching films. The heating hydrolysis\u2013extraction conditions and factors influencing the efficiency of homogeneous liquid\u2013liquid microextraction, such as the type and volume of amine, homogeneous-phase and phase separation transition pH, and extraction time were investigated and optimized. The optimum heating hydrolysis\u2013extraction conditions were found to be a H2SO4 concentration of 2.5 M, heating temperature of 87.8 \u00b0C, and hydrolysis\u2013extraction time of 3.0 h. As a switchable hydrophilic solvent, dipropylamine does not require a dispersant. Vortex assistance is helpful to speed up the extraction. Under the optimum experimental conditions, this method exhibits a better linearity (0.0144~7.200 \u03bcg mL\u22121 with R = 0.9986), low limit of detection and quantification (0.0033 \u03bcg g\u22121 and 0.0103 \u03bcg g\u22121), high extraction recovery (92.5~105.4%), desirable intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation less than 4.1% and 4.7%), and high enrichment factor (90.9). Finally, this method was successfully applied to detect the content of the additive 2, 6-DIPA in PBAT biodegradable agricultural mulching films, thus facilitating production process monitoring or safety assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29092068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1714449712000},"page":"2068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Amine Switchable Hydrophilic Solvent Vortex-Assisted Homogeneous Liquid\u2013Liquid Microextraction and GC-MS for the Enrichment and Determination of 2, 6-DIPA Additive in Biodegradable Film"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1801-6241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qiandongnan Company of Guizhou Province of CNTC, Kaili 556000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yechun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Province Company of CNTC, Chengdu 610096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2306-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c07704","article-title":"Screening the degradation of polymer microparticles on a chip","volume":"8","author":"Davachi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126985","article-title":"PBAT biodegradable mulch films: Study of ecotoxicological impacts using Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa and HepG2\/C3A cell culture","volume":"256","author":"Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.10.001","article-title":"Degradation of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) by Stenotrophomonas sp. 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