{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:12:11Z","timestamp":1790187131086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22178070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22178070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021CG0029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CG0029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022B1111080003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1111080003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of Rejuvenation of Science and Technology for Mongolia","award":["22178070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22178070"]}]},{"name":"Project of Rejuvenation of Science and Technology for Mongolia","award":["2021CG0029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CG0029"]}]},{"name":"Project of Rejuvenation of Science and Technology for Mongolia","award":["2022B1111080003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1111080003"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["22178070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22178070"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2021CG0029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CG0029"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2022B1111080003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1111080003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a saponin compound, isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), which has been wildly explored for its intriguing pharmacological and medicinal effects. GA is a triterpenoid glycoside displaying an array of pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiviral and antioxidative properties. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of GA on acne vulgaris through network pharmacology and proteomics. After the intersection of the 154 drug targets and 581 disease targets, 37 therapeutic targets for GA against acne were obtained. A protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) network analysis highlighted TNF, IL1B, IL6, ESR1, PPARG, NFKB1, STAT3 and TLR4 as key targets of GA against acne, which is further verified by molecular docking. The experimental results showed that GA inhibited lipid synthesis in vitro and in vivo, improved the histopathological damage of skin, prevented mast cell infiltration and decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6. This study indicates that GA may regulate multiple pathways to improve acne symptoms, and the beneficial effects of GA against acne vulgaris might be through the regulation of sebogenesis and inflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29102345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T09:30:03Z","timestamp":1715851803000},"page":"2345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy of Glycyrrhetinic Acid in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Lingna","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Liran Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Liran Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Liran Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Chemistry of RNA, Nucleosides, Peptides and Heterocycles, CNRS UMR8601, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 45 Rue des Saints-P\u00e8res, CEDEX 06, 75270 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Allan Conney Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528231, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Allan Conney Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528231, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Liran Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Liran Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Liran Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021-10-9","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2021-10-9","article-title":"Dermatology: How to manage acne in skin of colour","volume":"11","author":"Chiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.06.045","article-title":"The prevalence of acne in adults 20 years and older","volume":"58","author":"Collier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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