{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:58:32Z","timestamp":1770742712430,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"McCord Research (Iowa, USA)","award":["1154650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154650"]}]},{"name":"McCord Research (Iowa, USA)","award":["2014763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014763"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)","award":["1154650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154650"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)","award":["2014763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014763"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trials and Cohort Studies","award":["1154650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154650"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trials and Cohort Studies","award":["2014763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014763"]}]},{"name":"an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship","award":["1154650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154650"]}]},{"name":"an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship","award":["2014763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014763"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Mediterranean diet well known for its beneficial health effects, including mood enhancement, is characterised by the relatively high consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), which is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds. Over 200 phenolic compounds have been associated with Olea europaea, and of these, only a relatively small fraction have been characterised. Utilising the OliveNetTM library, phenolic compounds were investigated as potential inhibitors of the epigenetic modifier lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Furthermore, the compounds were screened for inhibition of the structurally similar monoamine oxidases (MAOs) which are directly implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Molecular docking highlighted that olive phenolics interact with the active site of LSD1 and MAOs. Protein\u2013peptide docking was also performed to evaluate the interaction of the histone H3 peptide with LSD1, in the presence of ligands bound to the substrate-binding cavity. To validate the in silico studies, the inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds was compared to the clinically approved inhibitor tranylcypromine. Our findings indicate that olive phenolics inhibit LSD1 and the MAOs in vitro. Using a cell culture model system with corticosteroid-stimulated human BJ fibroblast cells, the results demonstrate the attenuation of dexamethasone- and hydrocortisone-induced MAO activity by phenolic compounds. The findings were further corroborated using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neurons stimulated with all-trans retinoic acid. Overall, the results indicate the inhibition of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidases by olive phenolics. More generally, our findings further support at least a partial mechanism accounting for the antidepressant effects associated with EVOO and the Mediterranean diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T03:49:03Z","timestamp":1716436143000},"page":"2446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification and Evaluation of Olive Phenolics in the Context of Amine Oxidase Enzyme Inhibition and Depression: In Silico Modelling and In Vitro Validation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9967-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom C.","family":"Karagiannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Ververis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia J.","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Pitsillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Bresnehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stevano J.","family":"Wijoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8787-5496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne TrACEES Platform, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1843-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3569-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Goebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occhem Labs, LLC, 3510 Hopkins Place North, Oakdale, MN 55128, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7968-7375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assam","family":"El-Osta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3\/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Laboratory Science, Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators (2022). 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