{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:57:25Z","timestamp":1792267045053,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["2060302-2201-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2201-26"]}]},{"name":"The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["20224BAB216007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB216007"]}]},{"name":"The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["81870173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870173"]}]},{"name":"The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["2016ACA148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ACA148"]}]},{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["2060302-2201-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2201-26"]}]},{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["20224BAB216007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB216007"]}]},{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["81870173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870173"]}]},{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["2016ACA148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ACA148"]}]},{"name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2060302-2201-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2201-26"]}]},{"name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20224BAB216007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB216007"]}]},{"name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81870173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870173"]}]},{"name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2016ACA148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ACA148"]}]},{"name":"The Hubei Major Projects of Technical Innovation","award":["2060302-2201-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2201-26"]}]},{"name":"The Hubei Major Projects of Technical Innovation","award":["20224BAB216007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB216007"]}]},{"name":"The Hubei Major Projects of Technical Innovation","award":["81870173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870173"]}]},{"name":"The Hubei Major Projects of Technical Innovation","award":["2016ACA148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ACA148"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the years, there has been notable progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment modalities of diabetes and its complications, including the application of metabolomics in the study of diabetes, capturing attention from researchers worldwide. Advanced mass spectrometry, including gas chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS\/MS), liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS), etc., has significantly broadened the spectrum of detectable metabolites, even at lower concentrations. Advanced mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool in diabetes research, particularly in the context of metabolomics. By leveraging the precision and sensitivity of advanced mass spectrometry techniques, researchers have unlocked a wealth of information within the metabolome. This technology has enabled the identification and quantification of potential biomarkers associated with diabetes and its complications, providing new ideas and methods for clinical diagnostics and metabolic studies. Moreover, it offers a less invasive, or even non-invasive, means of tracking disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and understanding the underlying metabolic alterations in diabetes. This paper summarizes advanced mass spectrometry for the application of metabolomics in diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic foot ulcers and organizes some of the potential biomarkers of the different complications with the aim of providing ideas and methods for subsequent in-depth metabolic research and searching for new ways of treating the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T03:48:49Z","timestamp":1716868129000},"page":"2530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Advanced Mass Spectrometry-Based Biomarker Identification for Metabolomics of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Feixue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenlu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00618-8","article-title":"Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants","volume":"387","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2336-9","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in Spain: The Di@bet.es Study","volume":"55","author":"Soriguer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01466-8","article-title":"Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in patients undergoing cataract surgery: A prevalence study-DiCat study report #2","volume":"57","author":"Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-019-1107-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"21","author":"Glovaci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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