{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T04:00:16Z","timestamp":1768536016519,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation DFG","award":["WE 2715\/17-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE 2715\/17-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and formate can be coupled to gas fermentation with anaerobic microorganisms. In combination with a competing hydrogen evolution reaction in the cathode in aqueous medium, the in situ, electrocatalytic produced syngas components can be converted by an acetogenic bacterium, such as Clostridium\u00a0ragsdalei, into acetate, ethanol, and 2,3-butanediol. In order to study the simultaneous conversion of CO, CO2, and formate together with H2 with C.\u00a0ragsdalei, fed-batch processes were conducted with continuous gassing using a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor. Formate was added continuously, and various initial CO partial pressures (pCO0) were applied. C.\u00a0ragsdalei utilized CO as the favored substrate for growth and product formation, but below a partial pressure of 30 mbar CO in the bioreactor, a simultaneous CO2\/H2 conversion was observed. Formate supplementation enabled 20\u201350% higher growth rates independent of the partial pressure of CO and improved the acetate and 2,3-butanediol production. Finally, the reaction conditions were identified, allowing the parallel CO, CO2, formate, and H2 consumption with C.\u00a0ragsdalei at a limiting CO partial pressure below 30 mbar, pH 5.5, n = 1200 min\u22121, and T = 32 \u00b0C. Thus, improved carbon and electron conversion is possible to establish efficient and sustainable processes with acetogenic bacteria, as shown in the example of C.\u00a0ragsdalei.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1717501730000},"page":"2661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Simultaneous Formate and Syngas Conversion Boosts Growth and Product Formation by Clostridium ragsdalei"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3646-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelina","family":"Angelina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Hambrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1171-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Weuster-Botz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lee, H., Calvin, K., Dasgupta, D., Krinner, G., Mukherji, A., Thorne, P.W., Trisos, C., Romero, J., Aldunce, P., and Barrett, K. 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