{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:04:09Z","timestamp":1791896649582,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province, China","award":["2020LZGC016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020LZGC016"]}]},{"name":"the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province, China","award":["YDZX2021017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2021017"]}]},{"name":"Fund of the Central Government Guiding Local for Scientific and Technological development","award":["2020LZGC016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020LZGC016"]}]},{"name":"Fund of the Central Government Guiding Local for Scientific and Technological development","award":["YDZX2021017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2021017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetraploid oysters are artificially produced oysters that do not exist in nature. The successful breeding of 100% triploid oysters resolved the difficulties of traditional drug-induced triploids, such as the presence of drug residues and a low triploid induction rate. However, little is known concerning the biochemical composition and nutrient contents of such tetraploids. Therefore, we investigated compositional differences among diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Crassostrea gigas as well as between males and females of diploids and tetraploids. The findings indicated that glycogen, EPA, \u2211PUFA, and omega-3 contents were significantly higher in triploid oysters than in diploids or tetraploids; tetraploid oysters had a significantly higher protein content, C14:0, essential amino acid, and flavor-presenting amino acid contents than diploids or triploids. For both diploid and tetraploids, females had significantly higher levels of glutamate, methionine, and phenylalanine than males but lower levels of glycine and alanine. In addition, female oysters had significantly more EPA, DHA, omega-3, and total fatty acids, a result that may be due to the fact that gonadal development in male oysters requires more energy to sustain growth, consumes greater amounts of nutrients, and accumulates more proteins. With these results, important information is provided on the production of C. gigas, as well as on the basis and backing for the genetic breeding of oysters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T05:59:42Z","timestamp":1717567182000},"page":"2671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparative Analysis of the Biochemical Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Contents of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Crassostrea gigas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enshuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wensong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Yantai Haiyu Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youmei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Haiyu Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Yantai Haiyu Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(86)90176-0","article-title":"Performance of triploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). 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