{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:57:18Z","timestamp":1788584238452,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bologna University Funds (Ricerca Fondamentale Orientata, RFO, Italy)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Grape pomace is the main by-product obtained from wine production that is still enriched in bioactive compounds. Within a framework of waste\/by-product reuse through a sustainable approach, various green methods were utilized in this work to recover anthocyanins from the pomace resulting from \u201cSangiovese\u201d grape vinification. Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extractions (UAE and MAE) were coupled with the use of green solvents, such as acidified water, an ethanol\/water mixture, and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES), and their efficacy was compared with that of a conventional method based on a methanol\/acidified water mixture. The Total Anthocyanin Index ranged from 36.9 to 75.2 mg\/g DW for UAE, and from 54.4 to 99.6 mg\/g DW for MAE, while resulting in 47.1 mg\/g DW for conventional extraction. A Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was applied to MAE, the most efficient technique. Temperature, time, and the solid-to-liquid ratio were set as X variables, while malvidin-3-O-glucoside content and antioxidant activity were used as response variables, measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. The correlation between temperature and time and the antioxidant activity of the extract was positive, while it was found to be negative when considering malvidin-3-O-glucoside concentration as a response variable. Thus, the optimal conditions in temperature, time and solid-to-liquid ratio were different depending on the chosen variable. The results underline the importance of selecting an accurate response when using the response surface methodology approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T10:05:50Z","timestamp":1717581950000},"page":"2679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Green Method Comparison and Optimization of Anthocyanin Recovery from \u201cSangiovese\u201d Grape Pomace: A Critical Evaluation of the Design of Experiments Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3574-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariacaterina","family":"Lianza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d\u2019Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5928-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Antognoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d\u2019Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osorio, L.L.D.R., Fl\u00f3rez-L\u00f3pez, E., and Grande-Tovar, C.D. 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