{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:08:42Z","timestamp":1784758122125,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca PON \u201cRicerca e Innovazione\u201d 2014\u20132020, Azione IV.4\u2014\u201cDottorati e contratti di ricerca su tematiche dell\u2019innovazione\u201d"},{"name":"Azione IV.6\u2014\u201cContratti di ricerca su tematiche Green\u201d"},{"name":"POR FESR 2014\u20132020_BANDO Call HUB Ricerca e Innovazione, Regione Lombardia"},{"name":"UNIMI GSA-IDEA project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The viral main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 has been recently proposed as a key target to inhibit virus replication in the host. Therefore, molecules that can bind the catalytic site of Mpro could be considered as potential drug candidates in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Here we proposed the application of a state-of-the-art analytical platform which combines metabolomics and protein structure analysis to fish-out potential active compounds deriving from a natural matrix, i.e., a blueberry extract. Methods: The experiments focus on finding MS covalent inhibitors of Mpro that contain in their structure a catechol\/pyrogallol moiety capable of binding to the nucleophilic amino acids of the enzyme\u2019s catalytic site. Results: Among the potential candidates identified, the delphinidin-3-glucoside showed the most promising results. Its antiviral activity has been confirmed in vitro on Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, showing a dose-dependent inhibitory effect almost comparable to the known Mpro inhibitor baicalin. The interaction of delphinidin-3-glucoside with the Mpro pocket observed was also evaluated by computational studies. Conclusions: The HRMS analytical platform described proved to be effective in identifying compounds that covalently bind Mpro and are active in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication, such as delphinidin-3-glucoside.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T08:45:37Z","timestamp":1717663537000},"page":"2702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Screening of Mpro Protease (SARS-CoV-2) Covalent Inhibitors from an Anthocyanin-Rich Blueberry Extract Using an HRMS-Based Analytical Platform"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9906-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Altomare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9335-6318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Cambiaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Ferrario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Zoanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5818-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Della Vedova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio Maria","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitech OMICs, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Viale Ortles 22\/4, 20139 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9241-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"D\u2019Alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2079-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Parapini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-5011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Vittorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3939-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Vistoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9204-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Riso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Carini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Delbue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Aldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, May 26). Available online: https:\/\/cov-lineages.org\/lineage_list.html."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beltr\u00e1n, L.A., De La Hoz-Rodr\u00edguez, S., Iserte, L.B., Rodr\u00edguez, S., Fern\u00e1ndez-De-La-pradilla, A., and Gonz\u00e1lez, F.V. (2022). Advances in the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitors. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082523"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb3405","article-title":"Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved a-ketoamide inhibitors","volume":"368","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, B.K., Sekhar, K.V.G.C., Kunjiappan, S., Jamalis, J., Bala\u00f1a-Fouce, R., Tekwani, B.L., and Sankaranarayanan, M. (2020). Druggable targets of SARS-CoV-2 and treatment opportunities for COVID-19. Bioorg. Chem., 104.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.104269"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabe0751","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe0751","article-title":"Structure and inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease reveal strategy for developing dual inhibitors against Mpro and cathepsin L","volume":"6","author":"Sacco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23544","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202010316","article-title":"Allosteric Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Insights from Mass Spectrometry Based Assays","volume":"59","author":"Lutomski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chemie Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.03.022","article-title":"Development and application of high throughput plasma stability assay for drug discovery","volume":"297","author":"Di","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0356-z","article-title":"Boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, XII inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication by targeting the viral main protease","volume":"30","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clyde, A., Galanie, S., Kneller, D.W., Ma, H., Babuji, Y., Blaiszik, B., Brace, A., Brettin, T., Chard, K., and Chard, R. (2021). High Throughput Virtual Screening and Validation of a SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Non-Covalent Inhibitor. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.27.437323"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2027-0","article-title":"Virtual discovery of melatonin receptor ligands to modulate circadian rhythms","volume":"579","author":"Stein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0917-9","article-title":"Ultra-large library docking for discovering new chemotypes","volume":"566","author":"Lyu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123824","article-title":"An integrated metabolomic and proteomic approach for the identification of covalent inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 from crude natural extracts","volume":"252","author":"Baron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpe.2021.01.001","article-title":"Berries anthocyanins as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors targeting the viral attachment and replication; molecular docking simulation","volume":"30","author":"Messaoudi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Pet."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1518895","article-title":"Health promoting properties of blueberries: A review","volume":"60","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(97)00190-8","article-title":"Reactions of polyphenoloxidase generated caftaric acid o-quinone with malvidin 3-O-glucoside","volume":"45","author":"Cheynier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dangles, O., and Fenger, J.A. (2018). The Chemical Reactivity of Anthocyanins and Its Consequences in Food Science and Nutrition. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23081970"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23751-3","article-title":"Identification of pyrogallol as a warhead in design of covalent inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joyner, P.M. (2021). Protein Adducts and Protein Oxidation as Molecular Mechanisms of Flavonoid Bioactivity. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26165102"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.07.023","article-title":"Covalent modification of proteins by green tea polyphenol (\u2013)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate through autoxidation","volume":"45","author":"Ishii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26846","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403129200","article-title":"The flavonoid baicalein inhibits fibrillation of alpha-synuclein and disaggregates existing fibrils","volume":"279","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16954-7","article-title":"Structural plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Mpro active site cavity revealed by room temperature X-ray crystallography","volume":"11","author":"Kneller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00114-z","article-title":"Natural products in drug discovery: Advances and opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Atanasov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105820","article-title":"Identification of natural compounds as SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors by molecular docking-based virtual screening with bio-layer interferometry","volume":"172","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669642","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.669642","article-title":"Myricetin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Viral Replication by Targeting Mpro and Ameliorates Pulmonary Inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2021.1873977","article-title":"Scutellaria baicalensis extract and baicalein inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2 and its 3C-like protease in vitro","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2020.107408","article-title":"Interaction of small molecules with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease in silico and in vitro validation of potential lead compounds using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"89","author":"Pitsillou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.01.055","article-title":"Extraction techniques and analysis of anthocyanins from food sources by mass spectrometry: An update","volume":"250","author":"Ongkowijoyo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baron, G., Ferrario, G., Marinello, C., Carini, M., Morazzoni, P., and Aldini, G. (2021). Effect of Extraction Solvent and Temperature on Polyphenol Profiles, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Red Grape Skin By-Product. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185454"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gato, E., Perez, A., Rosalowska, A., Celeiro, M., Bou, G., and Lores, M. (2021). Multicomponent polyphenolic extracts from Vaccinium corymbosum at lab and pilot scale. Characterization and effectivity against nosocomial pathogens. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122801"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000031","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000031","article-title":"Increasing Doses of Blueberry Polyphenols Alters Colonic Metabolism and Calcium Absorption in Ovariectomized Rats","volume":"64","author":"Cladis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"C340","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanins in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and corresponding juices","volume":"77","author":"Schantz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox4020281","article-title":"In Vitro Cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae) are a Source of Antioxidant Phenolics","volume":"4","author":"Contreras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130743","article-title":"A new HPLC-MS\/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 36 polyphenols in blueberry, strawberry and their commercial products and determination of antioxidant activity","volume":"367","author":"Mustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.10.101","article-title":"Simultaneous LC-MS quantification of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics from blueberries with widely divergent profiles and biological activities","volume":"277","author":"Grace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.06.115","article-title":"HPLC\u2013MSn identification and quantification of flavonol glycosides in 28 wild and cultivated berry species","volume":"135","author":"Slatnar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1884003","article-title":"Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 strains carrying a nucleotide mutation, leading to a stop codon in the ORF 6 protein","volume":"10","author":"Delbue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2022, December 02). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/134922\/download."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16885","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR03727G","article-title":"Design and development of plastic antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD based on molecularly imprinted polymers that inhibit in vitro virus infection","volume":"13","author":"Parisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0483-6","article-title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in vitro of Shuanghuanglian preparations and bioactive ingredients","volume":"41","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vittorio, S., Manelfi, C., Gervasoni, S., Beccari, A.R., Pedretti, A., Vistoli, G., and Talarico, C. (2022). Computational Insights into the Sequence-Activity Relationships of the NGF(1\u201314) Peptide by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182808"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1388","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa971","article-title":"PubChem in 2021: New data content and improved web interfaces","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-012-1667-x","article-title":"Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods VI: More modifications to the NDDO approximations and re-optimization of parameters","volume":"19","author":"Stewart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Model."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"247","article-title":"PLANTS: Application of ant colony optimization to structure-based drug design","volume":"Volume 4150","author":"Korb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, ANTS 2006, Brussels, Belgium, 4\u20137 September 2006"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20290","article-title":"The Amber biomolecular simulation programs","volume":"26","author":"Case","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.1021\/ct400341p","article-title":"PTRAJ and CPPTRAJ: Software for processing and analysis of molecular dynamics trajectory data","volume":"9","author":"Roe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.8b00512","article-title":"TTClust: A Versatile Molecular Simulation Trajectory Clustering Program with Graphical Summaries","volume":"58","author":"Tubiana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/11\/2702\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:54:46Z","timestamp":1760108086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/11\/2702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules29112702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29112702","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]}}}