{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:41:17Z","timestamp":1791045677406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014810","name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDS2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDS2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The abnormal deposition of protein in the brain is the central factor in neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). These detrimental aggregates, stemming from the misfolding and subsequent irregular aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein protein, are primarily accountable for conditions such as Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and dementia. Two-photon-excited (TPE) probes are a promising tool for the early-stage diagnosis of these pathologies as they provide accurate spatial resolution, minimal intrusion, and the ability for prolonged observation. To identify compounds with the potential to function as diagnostic probes using two-photon techniques, we explore three distinct categories of compounds: Hydroxyl azobenzene (AZO-OH); Dicyano-vinyl bithiophene (DCVBT); and Tetra-amino phthalocyanine (PcZnNH2). The molecules were structurally and optically characterized using a multi-technique approach via UV-vis absorption, Raman spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence mapping (PLE), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), and pump and probe measurements. Furthermore, quantum chemical and molecular docking calculations were performed to provide insights into the photophysical properties of the compounds as well as to assess their affinity with the \u03b1-synuclein protein. This innovative approach seeks to enhance the accuracy of in vivo probing, contributing to early Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) detection and ultimately allowing for targeted intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29122817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T06:23:11Z","timestamp":1718259791000},"page":"2817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Promising Molecular Architectures for Two-Photon Probes in the Diagnosis of \u03b1-Synuclein Aggregates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2258-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Porcu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP n\u00b08, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4480-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Corpino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP n\u00b08, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6353-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Maria","family":"Carbonaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP n\u00b08, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6191-4613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pier Carlo","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP n\u00b08, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4013-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attilio Vittorio","family":"Vargiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP n\u00b08, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0354-2978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Laura","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Hearth Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP n\u00b08, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5621-2841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Sforazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Hearth Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP n\u00b08, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2097-1229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Chiriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP n\u00b08, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.28","article-title":"Amyloid beta: Structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. 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