{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:40:55Z","timestamp":1789497655338,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Bagui Scholars","award":["C3040099206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3040099206"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Bagui Scholars","award":["2021B2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B2015"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Bagui Scholars","award":["2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021019"]}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Social Welfare Project","award":["C3040099206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3040099206"]}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Social Welfare Project","award":["2021B2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B2015"]}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Social Welfare Project","award":["2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021019"]}]},{"name":"2021 Foshan Deeply Promotes Innovation Driven Assistance Project","award":["C3040099206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3040099206"]}]},{"name":"2021 Foshan Deeply Promotes Innovation Driven Assistance Project","award":["2021B2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B2015"]}]},{"name":"2021 Foshan Deeply Promotes Innovation Driven Assistance Project","award":["2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) causes thinning hair, but poor hair quality in balding areas and damage from UV radiation have been overlooked. Plant extracts like Platycladus orientalis flavonoids (POFs) may improve hair quality in AGA. This study examines POFs\u2019 effectiveness in treating AGA-affected hair and repairing UV-induced damage. Methods: Hair samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine surface characteristics, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to measure free radicals in the hair, and spectrophotometry to assess changes in hair properties. Results: POFs effectively removed hydroxyl radicals from keratinocytes and had antioxidant properties. They also reduced UV-induced damage to AGA hair by mitigating the production of melanin free radicals. Following POF treatment, the reduction in peroxidized lipid loss in AGA hair was notable at 59.72%, thereby effectively delaying the progression of hair color change. Moreover, protein loss decreased by 191.1 \u03bc\/g and tryptophan loss by 15.03%, ultimately enhancing hair\u2019s tensile strength. Conclusion: compared to healthy hair, hair damaged by AGA shows more pronounced signs of damage when exposed to UV radiation. POFs help protect balding hair by reducing oxidative damage and slowing down melanin degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29122876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T08:48:31Z","timestamp":1718614111000},"page":"2876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Antioxidant Properties of Platycladus orientalis Flavonoids for Treating UV-Induced Damage in Androgenetic Alopecia Hair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6189-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuntao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Zhongshan Polytechnic, Zhongshan 528400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5202-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Homy Genetics Ltd., Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1684-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbing","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Institute of Green Petroleum Processing and Light Hydrocarbon, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117183","article-title":"Changes of lignified-callus and wound-induced adventitious rooting in ancient Platycladus orientalis cuttings as affected by tree age","volume":"203","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2021.131347","article-title":"Green route to a novel and ecofriendly phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Platycladus orientalis L. leaf extract","volume":"309","author":"Anshiba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2007.05.063","article-title":"Continuous determination of total flavonoids in Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco by dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with on-line derivatization and ultraviolet\u2013visible detection","volume":"596","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.05.019","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory activities of an extract and compounds isolated from Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco in vitro and ex vivo","volume":"141","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116200","article-title":"A review of hemostatic chemical components and their mechanisms in traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine","volume":"307","author":"Mu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121537","article-title":"Safflower oil body nanoparticles deliver hFGF10 to hair follicles and reduce microinflammation to accelerate hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"616","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmaceut."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110076","article-title":"An ultrasound-assisted extraction using an alcohol-based hydrophilic natural deep eutectic solvent for the determination of five flavonoids from Platycladi Cacumen","volume":"198","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.10.004","article-title":"Analysis of hair steroid hormone concentrations at different parts of the head by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"523","author":"Hobo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2023.07.005","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia: An update","volume":"13","author":"Ntshingila","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAD Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102041","article-title":"Recent omics advances in hair aging biology and hair biomarkers analysis","volume":"91","author":"Adav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.11.074","article-title":"Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light","volume":"84","author":"Geisler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.008","article-title":"Effect of photodamage on the outermost cuticle layer of human hair","volume":"153","author":"Richena","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.002","article-title":"Morphological degradation of human hair cuticle due to simulated sunlight irradiation and washing","volume":"161","author":"Richena","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.09.026","article-title":"The oxidation of p-phenylenediamine, an ingredient used for permanent hair dyeing purposes, leads to the formation of hydroxyl radicals: Oxidative stress and DNA damage in human immortalized keratinocytes","volume":"239","author":"Zanoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokrzy\u0144ski, K., Sarna, M., and Sarna, T. (2023). Photoreactivity and phototoxicity of experimentally photodegraded hair melanosomes from individuals of different skin phototypes. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 243.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2023.112704"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c12322","article-title":"Unraveling the Structure and Function of Melanin through Synthesis","volume":"143","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.013","article-title":"Generation and suppression of singlet oxygen in hair by photosensitization of melanin","volume":"51","author":"Pavani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10383","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c19773","article-title":"A Bioinspired Skin UV Filter with Broadband UV Protection, Photostability, and Resistance to Oxidative Damage","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.8b00768","article-title":"Comparing Free Radicals in Sunscreen-Treated Pig Skin by Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","volume":"96","author":"Kolling","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasertpol, T., and Tiyaboonchai, W. (2020). Nanostructured lipid carriers: A novel hair protective product preventing hair damage and discoloration from UV radiation and thermal treatment. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 204.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.111769"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10271","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04052","article-title":"Lipid Peroxidation Has Major Impact on Malondialdehyde-Derived but Only Minor Influence on Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal-Derived Protein Modifications in Carbohydrate-Rich Foods","volume":"70","author":"Eggen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072385b","article-title":"Modification of Casein by the Lipid Oxidation Product Malondialdehyde","volume":"56","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matam\u00e1, T., Costa, C., Fernandes, B., Ara\u00fajo, R., Cruz, C.F., Tortosa, F., Sheeba, C.J., Becker, J.D., Gomes, A., and Cavaco-Paulo, A. (2023). Changing human hair fibre colour and shape from the follicle. J. Adv. Res.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.11.013"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2011.10.011","article-title":"Photodamage determination of human hair","volume":"106","author":"Barba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.109101","article-title":"Advanced electrospun hydrogel fibers for wound healing","volume":"223","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arres.2023.100091","article-title":"Human hair keratin responds to oxidative stress via reactive sulfur and supersulfides","volume":"10","author":"Hirai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Redox Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.342063","article-title":"Time-gated luminescent probes for lysosomal singlet oxygen: Synthesis, characterizations and bioimaging applications","volume":"1287","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5745","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.3c00193","article-title":"Examination of the Antioxidant Activity of Psoralidin: Computational Mechanistic Study and Impact on the ROS Level in Human Keratinocytes","volume":"88","author":"Boulebd","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2013.12.011","article-title":"EPR characteristics of free radicals in DOPA\u2013melanin\u2013moxifloxacin complexes at ambient level of UVA radiation","volume":"592","author":"Beberok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8293","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c06550","article-title":"Comparison on Quality Performance of Human Hair Types with Herbal Oils (Grape Seed\/Safflower Seed\/Rosehip) by Analysis Techniques","volume":"8","author":"Demir","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2012.09.009","article-title":"Efficacy of antioxidants in human hair","volume":"117","author":"Armengol","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2021.12.006","article-title":"Red ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) oil: A comprehensive review of extraction technologies, chemical composition, health benefits, molecular mechanisms, and safety","volume":"46","author":"Truong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dario, M.F., Viana, A.S., Augusto, O., Linares, E., Gama, R.M., Baby, A.R., and Velasco, M.V.R. (2020). Dyed hair photoprotection efficacy of a quercetin-loaded cationic nanoemulsion. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 204.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2020.111788"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roets, B. (2023). Potential application of PBM use in hair follicle organoid culture for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Mater. Today Bio, 23.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100851"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pei, X.-D., Fan, H.-L., Jiao, D.-Q., Li, F., He, Y.-N., Wu, Q.-L., Liu, X.-L., and Wang, C.-H. (2024). Rational engineering S1\u2019 substrate binding pocket to enhance substrate specificity and catalytic activity of thermal-stable keratinase for efficient keratin degradation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 263.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130688"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2022.04.029","article-title":"The susceptibility of disulfide bonds to modification in keratin fibers undergoing tensile stress","volume":"121","author":"Harland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2021.203612","article-title":"Hair resistance to mechanical wear","volume":"470\u2013471","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.008","article-title":"Effects of ultra violet radiation on the soluble proteins of human hair","volume":"140","author":"Fedorkova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.025","article-title":"Effects of solar radiation on hair and photoprotection","volume":"153","author":"Dario","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2004.10.003","article-title":"Effect of the covalently linked fatty acid 18-MEA on the nanotribology of hair\u2019s outermost surface","volume":"149","author":"Breakspear","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00554","article-title":"Singlet Molecular Oxygen Reactions with Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Proteins","volume":"119","author":"Martinez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.004","article-title":"Participation of singlet oxygen in ultraviolet-a-induced lipid peroxidation in mouse skin and its inhibition by dietary \u03b2-carotene: An ex vivo study","volume":"37","author":"Bando","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21636","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03244","article-title":"Mechanisms of Photosensitized Lipid Oxidation and Membrane Permeabilization","volume":"4","author":"Bacellar","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, S., Carroll, L., Rasmussen, L.M., and Davies, M.J. (2021). Oxidation of protein disulfide bonds by singlet oxygen gives rise to glutathionylated proteins. Redox Biol., 38.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101822"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2016.10.010","article-title":"Drought affects the heat-hardening capacity of alpine plants as indicated by changes in xanthophyll cycle pigments, singlet oxygen scavenging, \u03b1-tocopherol and plant hormones","volume":"133","author":"Buchner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.09.010","article-title":"Redox Activities of Melanins Investigated by Electrochemical Reverse Engineering: Implications for their Roles in Oxidative Stress","volume":"140","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"45544","article-title":"A novel method for non-destructive determination of hair photo-induced damage based on multispectral imaging technology","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. (Nat. Publ. Group)"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carolina Botelho, L., Gasparin, R.M., Thomaz, F.M., da Silva, G.C., Airton Abrahao, M., Paiva-Santos, A.C., and Priscila Gava, M. (2024). Impact of Hair Damage on the Penetration Profile of Coconut, Avocado, and Argan Oils into Caucasian Hair Fibers. Cosmetics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11020064"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.8.2053S","article-title":"UV Light, Temperature, and Humidity Effects on White Hair Color in Dogs","volume":"134","author":"Zentek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.07.020","article-title":"Commentary: Healthy hair and protein loss","volume":"62","author":"Draelos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-827X(00)00038-0","article-title":"Tryptophan in human hair: Correlation with pigmentation","volume":"55","author":"Bertazzo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ill. Farm"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2014.01.003","article-title":"Tensile properties of hair fibres obtained from different breeds of pigs","volume":"119","author":"Mohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C., Dai, J., Ai, H., Du, W., and Ji, H. (2024). \u03b2-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Promotes Cell Proliferation and Hair Growth by Reducing Oxidative Stress. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29040798"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00779-0","article-title":"Increased flux of free radicals in cells subjected to hyperthermia: Detection by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping","volume":"431","author":"Flanagan","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/12\/2876\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:00:01Z","timestamp":1760108401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/29\/12\/2876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules29122876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29122876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]}}}