{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:59:00Z","timestamp":1780592340888,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Higher Education","award":["4102001655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4102001655"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analyses were conducted on essential oil extracted from Saudi Arabian Artemisia judaica L. (A. judaica) aerial parts, resulting in the identification of 58 constituents, representing 93.0% of the total oil composition. The oil primarily consisted of monoterpenes (38.6%), sesquiterpenes (14.1%), and other compounds such as ethyl esters and cyclic ketones (40.3%). The main components identified were piperitone (16.5%), ethyl cinnamate (12.9%), and camphor (9.7%). Multivariate statistical analyses (MVAs), including principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis, were employed to compare the chemical makeup of this oil with 20 other A. judaica oils from various regions. The study revealed distinct clusters, highlighting unique chemotypes and geographic variations. Particularly, the oil from the current study demonstrated a specialized chemical profile with significant concentrations of specific compounds, contributing significantly to its distinctiveness. Further cytotoxicity testing on RAW264.7 macrophages suggested that concentrations below 20 \u03bcg\/mL of A. judaica oil are suitable for future pharmacological investigations. This study provides valuable insights into the chemical diversity, geographic variations, and potential biomedical applications of these essential oils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29122882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T03:42:06Z","timestamp":1718682126000},"page":"2882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Chemical Composition and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Artemisia judaica L. Essential Oil from Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4509-5456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashaer","family":"Alsharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5531-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Boylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Trinity Centre for Natural Products Research\u2014NatPro, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2021.1900234","article-title":"Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Jordanian Artemisia judaica L. as affected by different drying methods","volume":"24","author":"Onizat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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