{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:10:06Z","timestamp":1780089006446,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Bulgarian National Science Fund","award":["KP-06 PN61-8\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KP-06 PN61-8\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The discovery and investigation of new natural compounds with antimicrobial activity are new potential strategies to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The presented study reveals, for the first time, the promising antibacterial potential of two fractions from Cornu aspersum mucus with an MW &lt; 20 kDa and an MW &gt; 20 kDa against five bacterial pathogens\u2014Bacillus cereus 1085, Propionibacterium acnes 1897, Salmonella enterica 8691, Enterococcus faecalis 3915, and Enterococcus faecium 8754. Using de novo sequencing, 16 novel peptides with potential antibacterial activity were identified in a fraction with an MW &lt; 20 kDa. Some bioactive compounds in a mucus fraction with an MW &gt; 20 kDa were determined via a proteomic analysis on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate\u2013polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS\u2013PAGE) and bioinformatics. High homology with proteins and glycoproteins was found, with potential antibacterial activity in mucus proteins named aspernin, hemocyanins, H-lectins, and L-amino acid oxidase-like protein, as well as mucins (mucin-5AC, mucin-5B, mucin-2, and mucin-17). We hypothesize that the synergy between the bioactive components determined in the composition of the fraction &gt; 20 kDa are responsible for the high antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens in concentrations between 32 and 128 \u00b5g\/mL, which is comparable to vancomycin, but without cytotoxic effects on model eukaryotic cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, a positive effect, by reducing the levels of intracellular oxidative damage and increasing antioxidant capacity, on S. cerevisiae cells was found for both mucus extract fractions of C. aspersum. These findings may serve as a basis for further studies to develop a new antibacterial agent preventing the development of antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29122886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T03:42:06Z","timestamp":1718682126000},"page":"2886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Antibacterial Properties of Peptide and Protein Fractions from Cornu aspersum Mucus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3658-9334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Velkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Dolashki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ventsislava","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0278-7156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliya","family":"Pisareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitar","family":"Kaynarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momchil","family":"Kermedchiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Businesslab Ltd., Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 4A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavlina","family":"Dolashka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3390\/idr15040046","article-title":"Antimicrobial Peptides Demonstrate Activity against Resistant Bacterial Pathogens","volume":"15","author":"Garvey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernando-Amado, S., Coque, T.M., Baquero, F., and Mart\u00ednez, J.L. (2020). Antibiotic Resistance: Moving From Individual Health Norms to Social Norms in One Health and Global Health. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01914"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2017). Final Report DRUG-RESISTANT INFECTIONS a Threat to Our Economic Future, March 2017, Jonas and World Bank Group Team. 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