{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:40:32Z","timestamp":1792806032901,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Center for Higher Education Funding (BPPT), the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, and the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP)","award":["2940\/BPPT\/BPI.LG\/IV\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2940\/BPPT\/BPI.LG\/IV\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p2xef58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["2940\/BPPT\/BPI.LG\/IV\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2940\/BPPT\/BPI.LG\/IV\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The tractable preparation of Phase I drug metabolites is a critical step to understand the first-pass behaviour of novel chemical entities (NCEs) in drug discovery. In this study, we have developed a structure\u2013electroactivity relationship (SeAR)-informed electrochemical reaction of the parent 2-chlorophenothiazine and the antipsychotic medication, chlorpromazine. With the ability to dial-in under current controlled conditions, the formation of S-oxide and novel S,S-dioxide metabolites has been achieved for the first time on a multi-milligram scale using a direct batch electrode platform. A potential rationale for the electrochemical formation of these metabolites in situ is proposed using molecular docking to a cytochrome P450 enzyme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29133038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T11:09:09Z","timestamp":1719400149000},"page":"3038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Electrochemical Synthesis of the In Human S-oxide Metabolites of Phenothiazine-Containing Antipsychotic Medications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5402-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ridho","family":"Asra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9996-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aigul Erbosynovna","family":"Malmakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"},{"name":"Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3897-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2011.01.001","article-title":"Phenothiazine: The Seven Lives of Pharmacology\u2019s First Lead Structure","volume":"16","author":"Ohlow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Discov. 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