{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:01:25Z","timestamp":1791327685339,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG)","award":["491460386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491460386"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publishing Fund of Anhalt University of Applied Sciences","award":["491460386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491460386"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ninhydrin reaction is commonly used for the detection of amino acids. However, in the literature, different conditions with respect to the buffer system, its pH and concentration, type of organic solvent, incubation time, and temperature, as well as the concentrations of the reagents, are described. To identify the most suitable conditions, colour development with reagents of varying compositions and different reaction temperatures and times were investigated using asparagine as a model amino acid. Asparagine was selected since it is one of the most abundant free amino acids in many types of samples. The optimal reaction mixture consisted of 0.8 mol L\u22121 potassium acetate, 1.6 mol L\u22121 acetic acid, 20 mg mL\u22121 ninhydrin and 0.8 mg mL\u22121 hydrindantin in DMSO\/acetate buffer 40\/60 (v\/v) (final concentrations). The best reaction condition was heating the samples in 1.5 mL reaction tubes to 90 \u00b0C for 45 min. Afterwards, the samples were diluted with 2-propanol\/water 50\/50 (v\/v) and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm. The proteinogenic amino acids showed a similar response except for cysteine and proline. The method was highly sensitive and showed excellent linearity as well as intra-day and inter-day reproducibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29143262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T15:22:05Z","timestamp":1720624925000},"page":"3262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["The Ninhydrin Reaction Revisited: Optimisation and Application for Quantification of Free Amino Acids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Amelie Charlotte","family":"Stau\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3543-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Repert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley","family":"Alcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ludewig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0659-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilfried","family":"Rozhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0373-1","article-title":"Free amino acid production during tomato fruit ripening: A focus on L-glutamate","volume":"38","author":"Sorrequieta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo3040967","article-title":"Off-the-Vine Ripening of Tomato Fruit Causes Alteration in the Primary Metabolite Composition","volume":"3","author":"Sorrequieta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90195-T","article-title":"Taste-active components in some foods: A review of Japanese research","volume":"49","author":"Fuke","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. 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