{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:01:00Z","timestamp":1792008060182,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project \u201cECO-sustainable flexible plastic films with high breathability endowed with antibacterial ACTIVITY for VEgetable foods\u201d (ECOATTIVE)","award":["B29J21032720008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B29J21032720008"]}]},{"name":"Project \u201cECO-sustainable flexible plastic films with high breathability endowed with antibacterial ACTIVITY for VEgetable foods\u201d (ECOATTIVE)","award":["9200716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9200716"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carvacrol and thymol are broad-spectrum natural antimicrobial agents. To reduce their volatility and improve their antimicrobial performance, synergistic systems were prepared loading the active molecules in zinc-modified clays. Montmorillonite (MMT) and zeolite (ZEO) were modified with zinc ions (ZnMMT and ZnZEO), with well-known antimicrobial properties, and then with carvacrol or thymol, reaching the 26 \u00b1 3% and 33 \u00b1 2% w\/w of loading, respectively. The resulting hybrid materials were characterized by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, TGA, and GC-MS to evaluate carvacrol\/thymol release in simulating food matrices. Antimicrobial assays carried out using spoiler and pathogenic bacterial strains showed that the antimicrobial activity of both thymol and carvacrol was largely preserved once they were loaded into Zn-modified clays. However, MMT hybrids showed an antibacterial activity significantly higher than ZEO hybrids at 50 mg\/mL of thymol and carvacrol. For this reason, deeper antimicrobial evaluations were carried out only for ZnMMT composites. ZnMMT loaded with thymol or carvacrol produced inhibition zones against most of the target strains, also at 3.12 mg\/mL, while the positive controls represented by the single molecule thymol or carvacrol were not active. The hybrid materials can be useful for applications in which the antimicrobial activity of natural molecules need to be displayed over time as requested for the control of microbial pathogens and spoilage bacteria in different applications, such as active packaging, biomaterials, and medical devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29153607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T17:08:34Z","timestamp":1722359314000},"page":"3607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Analytical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Zn-Modified Clays Embedding Thymol or Carvacrol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8107-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loris","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Via G. Amendola 122\/O, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3586-2140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Baruzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Via G. Amendola 122\/O, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Terzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1388-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Busto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3830-9121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Marzulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Via G. Amendola 122\/O, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Magno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIBAC SpA, Strada Ticineto Salita San Salvatore 40, 15040 Ticineto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3858-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Cometa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaber Innovation s.r.l., Via Calcutta 8, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9387-6201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"De Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villalobos-Delgado, L.H., Nev\u00e1rez-Moorillon, G.V., Caro, I., Quinto, E.J., and Mateo, J. 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