{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:11:59Z","timestamp":1787958719166,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","award":["5-21-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-21-8"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","award":["5-24-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-24-2"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","award":["5-23-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-23-1"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","award":["BPIN 2012000100050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPIN 2012000100050"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","award":["BPIN 2020000100077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPIN 2020000100077"]}]},{"name":"Sistema General de Regal\u00edas de Colombia","award":["5-21-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-21-8"]}]},{"name":"Sistema General de Regal\u00edas de Colombia","award":["5-24-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-24-2"]}]},{"name":"Sistema General de Regal\u00edas de Colombia","award":["5-23-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-23-1"]}]},{"name":"Sistema General de Regal\u00edas de Colombia","award":["BPIN 2012000100050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPIN 2012000100050"]}]},{"name":"Sistema General de Regal\u00edas de Colombia","award":["BPIN 2020000100077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPIN 2020000100077"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cell signaling pathways involved in the antiproliferative activities of T. rosea inner bark remain unexplored. This study evaluated the apoptotic effects of two iridoids from the inner bark of T. rosea and apicidin on THP-1 cells. The cytotoxic effects of the extract and the pure compounds on THP-1 and Jurkat cells were also evaluated using the MTT assay. The apoptotic effect was determined by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential. The expression of mRNA and MAPK kinase, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins was detected by Western blotting and RT\u2013qPCR, respectively. The extract and the compounds evaluated increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane was observed, and the number of cells in the G0\/G1 phase increased. Catalposide and specioside significantly increased p38 protein expression, mostly in cells pretreated with apicidin. The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is at least one of the pathways by which the n-butanol extract obtained from Tabebuia rosea, catalposide, and specioside exerts its apoptotic effect on THP-1 cells, and this effect generates a response in the G0\/G1 phase and subsequent cell death. In addition, there was depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, an effect that was related to the participation of the proapoptotic protein Bax.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29173986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:38:43Z","timestamp":1724416723000},"page":"3986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The n-Butanol Extract Obtained from the Inner Bark of Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC, Specioside, and Catalposide Induce Leukemia Cell Apoptosis in the Presence of Apicidin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7856-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy Yadira","family":"Guerrero-Pepinosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Infecci\u00f3n e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educaci\u00f3n, Programa de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6571-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luz Angela","family":"Veloza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Polifenoles, Facultad de Tecnolog\u00edas, Escuela de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Sep\u00falveda-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Infecci\u00f3n e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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