{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:54:51Z","timestamp":1789775691274,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]],"date-time":"2024-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42167026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42167026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022GXNSFBA035600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GLUTQD 2016047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLUTQD 2016047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["42167026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42167026"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["2022GXNSFBA035600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035600"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["GLUTQD 2016047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLUTQD 2016047"]}]},{"name":"Guilin University of Technology Program","award":["42167026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42167026"]}]},{"name":"Guilin University of Technology Program","award":["2022GXNSFBA035600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035600"]}]},{"name":"Guilin University of Technology Program","award":["GLUTQD 2016047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLUTQD 2016047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimony (Sb) is one of the most concerning toxic metals globally, making the study of methods for efficiently removing Sb(III) from water increasingly urgent. This study uses graphene oxide and chitosan as the matrix (GOCS), modifying them with FeCl2 and four MnOx to form iron\u2013manganese oxide (FM\/GC) at a Fe\/Mn molar ratio of 4:1. FM\/GC quaternary composite microspheres are prepared, showing that FM\/GC obtained from different MnOx exhibits significant differences in the ability to remove Sb(III) from neutral solutions. The order of Sb(III) removal effectiveness is MnSO4 &gt; KMnO4 &gt; MnCl2 &gt; MnO2. The composite microspheres obtained by modifying GOCS with FeCl2 and MnSO4 are selected for further batch experiments and characterization tests to analyze the factors and mechanisms influencing Sb(III) removal. The results show that the adsorption capacity of Sb(III) decreases with increasing pH and solid\u2013liquid ratio, and gradually increases with the initial concentration and reaction time. The Langmuir model fitting indicates that the maximum adsorption capacity of Sb(III) is 178.89 mg\/g. The adsorption mechanism involves the oxidation of the Mn-O group, which converts Sb(III) in water into Sb(V). This is followed by ligand exchange and complex formation with O-H in FeO(OH) groups, and further interactions with C-OH, C-O, O-H, and other functional groups in GOCS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T03:14:31Z","timestamp":1724642071000},"page":"4021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Advancing Antimony(III) Adsorption: Impact of Varied Manganese Oxide Modifications on Iron\u2013Graphene Oxide\u2013Chitosan Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Huinan","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0885-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huimei","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Security in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Security in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haimin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Security in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanxi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127013","article-title":"Simultaneous Adsorption and Oxidation of Sb(III) from Water by the pH-Sensitive Superabsorbent Polymer Hydrogel Incorporated with Fe-Mn Binary Oxides Composite","volume":"423","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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