{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T15:49:33Z","timestamp":1785599373641,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accumulation of iron in dopaminergic neurons can cause oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Iron chelation therapy may reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration, but chelators should be targeted towards dopaminergic cells. In this work, two series of compounds based on 8-hydroxyquinoline and deferiprone, iron chelators that have amphetamine-like structures, have been designed, synthesized and characterized. Each of these compounds chelated iron ions in aqueous solution. The hydroxyquinoline-based compounds exhibited stronger iron-binding constants than those of the deferiprone derivatives. The hydroxyquinoline-based compounds also exhibited greater free radical scavenging activities compared to the deferiprone derivatives. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the hydroxyquinoline-based compounds generally bound well within human dopamine transporter cavities. Thus, these compounds are excellent candidates for future exploration as drugs against diseases that are affected by iron-induced dopaminergic neuron damage, such as Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T05:30:02Z","timestamp":1725514202000},"page":"4213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Amphetamine-like Deferiprone and Clioquinol Derivatives as Iron Chelating Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3231-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"El Safadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-127X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2518-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indigo J.","family":"Strudwicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8764-1585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan L.","family":"O\u2019Mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan","family":"Bhadbhade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6624-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Rawling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9502-1175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"McDonagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02505-5","article-title":"A Brief History of Brain Iron Accumulation in Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders","volume":"129","author":"Foley","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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