{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:49:13Z","timestamp":1785732553892,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["TRR-386 HYP*MOL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR-386 HYP*MOL"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["HA 2952\/15-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HA 2952\/15-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most produced plastic materials in the world. The emergence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs\/NPs) as a significant environmental contaminant has become a matter of increasing concern. While the toxicological effects of PET NPs have been widely researched, there is a lack of methodologies for studying their accumulation. The present study introduces a novel method to monitor the distribution of PET NPs in germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. This involves the functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with PET NPs (PET\u2013fSPIONs) coupled with magnetic resonance microimaging (\u00b5MRI) to provide insight into their distribution within the seed. The present study has demonstrated that PET\u2013fSPIONs accumulate in specific regions of germinating wheat seeds, including the shoot apical meristem, the radicle, the coleoptile, the plumule, and the scutellum. Furthermore, the accumulation of PET\u2013fSPIONs has been shown to exert a discernible effect on spin\u2013spin relaxation (T2), as observed via MRI and quantitative T2 relaxation time analysis. The accumulation of PET NPs in embryo regions was also confirmed by SEM. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and non-invasive chemical shift imaging analyses demonstrated that PET NPs resulted in restricted diffusion within the highlighted areas, as well as an impact on lipid content. Our study reveals that using \u00b5MRI with fSPIONs provides a non-invasive method to monitor the biodistribution of PET nanoparticles in wheat seeds. Additionally, it offers valuable insights into the microstructural interactions of PET.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29184380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T10:56:57Z","timestamp":1726484217000},"page":"4380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Monitoring of the Accumulation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7490-4225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narmin","family":"Bashirova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9241-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Butensch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Poppitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-114X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Ga\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Materials & Devices Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5976-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Halik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Materials & Devices Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Dentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut of Physics, Technical Chemnitz University, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-0765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Tegenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut of Physics, Technical Chemnitz University, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7800-7443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joerg","family":"Matysik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-9749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Alia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clema.2024.100220","article-title":"The world of plastic waste: A review","volume":"11","author":"Ratnayake","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clean. 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