{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:10:30Z","timestamp":1784826630990,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC: 111-2320-B-019-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC: 111-2320-B-019-003-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This current study aims to analyze the potential bioactivities possessed by the enzymatic hydrolysates of commercial bovine, porcine, and tilapia gelatins using bioinformatics in combination with in vitro and in vivo studies. The hydrolysate with superior inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was used to treat the D-galactose (DG)-induced amnesic mice. In silico digestion of the gelatins led to the identification of peptide sequences with potential antioxidant, ACE-inhibitory, and anti-amnestic properties. The results of in vitro digestion revealed that the &lt;1 kDa peptide fraction of porcine gelatin hydrolysate obtained after 1 h digestion with papain (PP) (PP1, &lt;1 kDa) potently inhibited ACE, acetylcholinesterase, and prolyl endopeptidase activities at 87.42%, 21.24%, and 48.07%, respectively. Administering the PP1 to DG-induced amnesic mice ameliorated the spatial cognitive impairment and Morris water maze learning abilities. The dentate area morphology in the PP1-treated mice was relatively similar to the control group. In addition, PP1 enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the DG-induced amnesic mice. This study suggests that PP1 could serve as a potential treatment tool against oxidative stress, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29184402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T10:56:57Z","timestamp":1726484217000},"page":"4402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bioactive Properties of Enzymatic Gelatin Hydrolysates Based on In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2855-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenny Crista A.","family":"Panjaitan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Products Processing Study Program, Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Jembrana, Bali 82218, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sin-Ting","family":"Shie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3032-5901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Gangneug-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesalonika","family":"Sevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ling","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9025-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rotimi E.","family":"Aluko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.114384","article-title":"Extraction, identification and anti-photoaging activity evaluation of collagen peptides from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin","volume":"173","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. 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